Trainiiip on tri»llisos is very simple. The vine is cut down in jmliciouH proportion to its 

 capacity, and spurs of the new wood left from two to ten joints, aucortling to tlieir position 

 on the trellis, and fastened to it with willow ties. 



Any vine that luay have died, may be replaced by putting down a good layer from the 

 adjoining vine, as soiui as the root is out of the ground. R. Buchanan. 



Cincinnati, Feb., ISf)?. 



BY AVII-LIAM SAUNDERS. 



VKGETAnLE Gardex. — The earliness of crops is much accelerated by the application of 

 thoroughly decomposed manure at the time of sowing ; the matters for absorption are thus 

 presented in a highly concentrated form to the roots, and the plants more speedily arrive 

 at maturity. Much also depends on the state of tlie soil at the time of sowing. It is sur- 

 prising that so little attention is given to draining by those who are interested in securing 

 early crops ; drained ground is always in a fit condition for working much sooner than that 

 undrained. Draining, also, by the greater efficiency it confers on water as a solvent of plant 

 food, increases the available supply of the soil, .and the rapidity of this supply depends 

 upon the aggregate surface of particles presented to the dissolving agent. Keduce a soil, 

 therefore, and the roots of plants will have an increased pasturage. Uence the benefit of 

 rejieated culture, such as digging, forking, hoeing, &c., and hence, also, the beneficial in- 

 fluence of frosts on soil. Frost is not a fertilizer, but as water expands in freezing, and as 

 the crystals of ice pervade the entire substance, a diminution of the particles follows after 

 thawing, increasing the soluble surface. So far from diminishing the necessity of applying 

 manures, the increased power of manufacture thus conferred on the soil must be accom- 

 panied by an increased supply of the raw material, if a permanent benefit is to be realized. 



Gkai'ery. — There is no doubt that the architecture of graperies admits of much im- 

 provement. According to present forais, the space for growth is limited, and the method of 

 training objectionable ; the amount of cubic feet inclosed is so small, that sudden changes 

 of temperature are unavoidable — more particularly, hygrometric changes, which are more 

 injurious than is generally supposed. The method of training the vines close up to the 

 sloping glass, and the consequent exposure of the fruit to alternations of atmosphere, is a 

 practical difBculty in cultivation. Repeated observation leads to the belief that vines 

 trained on pcrjiendicular trellises are seldom subject to mildew ; the fruit is then protected 

 and nearly covered by foliage, which defends it from injurious extenial infiuences. 



It would be an interesting experiment, and one in which we would have much faith, to 

 cover in a large space on the principle adopted by Paxton in the erection of the far-famed 

 Crystal Palace. A square structure, with upright sides ten feet high, covered by a series 

 of small spans laid on horizontal rafters, could be made to inclose a quarter of an acre of 

 bonlf.r at an expense not greater than is frequently incurred in houses eighty feet by twenty. 

 The plants could then be planted in rows as those in out-door cultivation, and trained on 

 similar trellises. Such a house would be worthy the name of grapery. 



SuELTEK. — This is an important subject for gardeners and fruit growers, and has of late 

 been frequently adverted to by horticultural writers. Strawberries, raspberries, currants, 

 dwarf pear-trees, and, indeed, all small fruits, are more or less injured, yearly, by the cold, 

 drying winds of winter and spring. Evergreen hedges aie at once the most beautiful and 

 efficient protection, and the American arbor vitae the best plant to produce them. 



Flower Garden and Pleascke Grocnd. — It is more difficult to arrange small places 

 satisfactorily, of from one to three acres, than those of fifty or a hundred, especially when 

 the attempt is made to develop all the features of the large extent in the smaller. The 

 smaller the grounds, the more necessity of discrimination in the selection of trees and 

 shrubs employed. Attention should be given not only to the height and size, but more 

 particularly to the beauty and profnseness of foliage. Trees of compact and pleasing habit, 

 and large foliaged shrubs, should be selected. Of J'vergreens, the Norway Spruce Fir, the 

 Silver Fir, Hemlock Spruce, Cembrian Pine, Pinus i)umilis, White and Black Anieric:ui 

 Spruce, Pinus excelsa, among trees; and Mahonias, Rhododendrons, Ilex latifolia, Euonymus 

 japonica, Aucuba japonica, Kalmia latifolia, as shrubs. These should mostly be planted in 

 masses of two, three, or more plants. Of deciduous trees, the Sugar, Norway, and Tartarian 

 Maples, Horse Chestnut, English Alder, Judas-tree, Kcilreuteria, Osage Orange, Magnolia 

 umbrella, Virgilia lutea, and such shrubs as Virginian fringe, Euonymus latifolia. Hydrangea 

 quercifolia, Ligustrum rotundifolia, Mist bush, Spirea Reevesii, Large-leaved Lilacs, Wegelia 

 I, Viburnum oxycoccus. Magnolia purpurea, and M. conspicua, and Dwarf Horse Chest- 

 are a few of the kinds alluded to. 



