MARKET GARDENING OF NEW JERSEY. 



403 



his time, this author confesses great admi- 

 ration at the skill, by which man has been 

 able to obtain such curious results from 

 grafting. 



La Pipe, gardener to the Duke of Orleans, 

 Kegent of France, during the minority of 

 Louis XV, had made a numerous collection 

 of this family, among which were seen Bi- 

 zarres of two, three, fcntr and^ve intermix- 

 tures, one variety of which had variegated 

 foliage. This tree flowers every second 

 year ; sometimes all the flowers are white, 

 producing Bigarades and sweet Oranges ; 

 more frequently, the flowers are large, and 

 of a dull white, the fruit of which are mixed ; 

 finally, it sometimes puts forth flowers, ting- 

 ed externally with red, and becoming true 

 Citrons. 



Thus, from the same stock, we may 

 gather sweet Oranges, Bigarades, {i. e. bit- 

 ter Oranges,) coronetted or plain. Citron, 

 Limes, and all these sorts, intermingled in 

 the same fruit. Sometimes the Citron only 

 affects the external portion, but at others, it 

 penetrates to the axis of the fruit ; fruit 

 have even been seen with four portions, 

 Bigarade and fine Citron, disposed cross- 

 wise. Finally, the same tree, after having 

 borne mixed fruit, ceases to bear any but 

 plain. From all this, it would appear that 

 in this vegetable, the elements of three or 

 four distinct species circulate within the 

 same bark without intermingling, and force 

 their way through whenever they can, for 

 they do not show themselves at regularly 

 determined distances or periods. 



Notes on the Market Gardening of New Jersey. 



BY H. W. S. CLEVELAND, BURLINGTON, N. J. 



The species of culture to which the land in 

 any section of country is subjected, must 

 depend not only upon the nature of the soil, 

 but upon convenience of access to markets, 

 and the nature of the markets themselves. 

 Thus it is obvious, that the culture of 

 fruit and vegetables can only be carried on 

 advantageously, on a large scale, either in 

 the immediate vicinity of a large city, or in 

 such places as are brought near, by means 

 of steam communication ; while on the other 

 hand, where such convenience exists, those 

 crops must be the most profitable which can 

 be grown, provided the soil is such as to 

 admit of their culture. 



Bearing these facts in mind, a glance at 

 the map will suffice to show that the farm- 

 ers of this section of New Jersey, must find 

 the raising of fruits and vegetables for the 

 jrreat markets of New-York and Philadel- 



phia, to be the most profitable use to Avhich 

 their lands can be applied ; yet one who has 

 not witnessed it, can hardly realise the vast 

 amount of such produce, which is daily de- 

 spatched, by cars, steamboats, and sloops, 

 during the market season ; and to one ac- 

 customed to see only small patches devoted 

 to such crops, to be tended at odd times, 

 between the more important farm labors, it 

 is a matter of curiosity to see large farms 

 entirely devoted to their culture. Such 

 farms are to be seen here, resembling, du- 

 ring the season of cultivation, vast gardens, 

 rather than farms. Single fields of straw- 

 berries or melons may be seen, containing 

 ten or twelve acres, and peas, beans, cucum- 

 bers, sweet potatoes — in short, every de- 

 scription of vegetables is cultivated on a 

 scale truly astonishing. The sandy loam 

 which constitutes our soil, not only facili- 



