THE PEARS OF NEW YORK IO7 



sufficient for separate treatises. In a manual such as this only outlines 

 of present practices are in place. Perhaps of all deciduous fruits the pear 

 needs as particular attention in the various operations which conduct it 

 from the orchard to the table as any other, if, indeed, it is not the most 

 difficult of hardy fruits to handle after it leaves the orchard. The several 

 operations that should be treated in a discussion of handling the pear crop, 

 no matter how brief, are picking, grading, packing, storing, shipping, and 

 marketing. 



The time of picking is most important in handling pears. Pears are 

 picked, especially for the markets, long before they are ready to eat out of 

 hand. So harvested, almost without exception, all pears acquire higher 

 quality than when they ripen on the tree. Moreover, when the necessary 

 percentage of sugars and solids has developed to give full flavor the pears 

 are too easily bruised to be shipped. Just how green pears can be harvested 

 and afterward have the rich shades of red and yellow and the delectable 

 flavor of ripe pears develop seems not yet to have been determined.' No 

 doubt the stages of development differ somewhat with the variety. In 

 New York, the generally accepted rule is to pick when the stem parts 

 readily from the branch if the fruit is lifted. Some wait until there is a 

 perceptible yellowing of the maturer fruits; others until full-grown, wormy 

 specimens are ripe; still others until the seeds begin to change color. But 

 •on the Pacific slope and for the cannery in this State, pears are picked when 

 much greener than in any of the conditions named and yet seem to ripen 

 well. As a matter of economy, the fruits should be left imtil they attain 

 nearly or quite full size. 



The directions just given apply more particularly to the main-crop 

 pears and early and fall sorts. Winter pears in this State should be left 

 on the trees until in danger from freezing. Even so, the season is too short 

 for some choice winter sorts. No matter what the season, pears shoiold be 

 shipped before they reach edible condition. A few of the winter pears, 

 suitable only for culinary purposes, never soften, and change color little or 

 not at all. 



Picking pears is not the delicate business that picking the stone-fruits 

 is, but yet must be done with considerable care as a bruise provides a place 

 for subsequent decay. Few picking appliances are needed, but these should 

 be carefully chosen to insure speed and careful handling of the fruit. A full 



' Some very good preliminary work on harvesting and storing pears has been done by the Oregon 

 Experiment Station, and is reported in Bulletin 154, June, 191 8, from that Station. 



