228 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 



Fruit ripe December to January; large, 4j in. long, 3 in. wide, oblong-pyriform, with 

 a long, tapering neck, with unequal sides; stem i| in. long, slender, curved; cavity lacking, 

 with stem obliquely set without a depression and often with a fleshy fold around the base 

 in the form of a lip ; calyx large, open ; lobes long, unusually broad, obtusely pointed ; basin 

 very shallow, narrow, obtuse, smooth, symmetrical; skin thick, tough, smooth, dull; color 

 pale yellow, often with a faint trace of a brownish-red blush over the exposed cheek, marked 

 with light russet aroimd the calyx, and occasionally with russet flecks scattered over the 

 surface; dots numerous, small, conspicuous, brownish-russet; flesh white, granular only 

 near the center, tender and melting, juicy, somewhat astringent or with a sprightly muski- 

 ness, with no pleasant aroma ; quality inferior for dessert but good for cooking. Core small, 

 closed, axile, with clasping core-lines; calyx-tube long, narrow, funnel-shaped; carpels 

 long-oval; seeds large, long, not very plump, often abortive. 



WHITE DOYENNE 



1. Pom. Mag. 2:60, PI. 1829. 2. Lindley Guide Orch. Card. 385. 1831. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 1:43. 

 1831. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 378, fig. 162. 1845. 5. Proc. Nat. Con. Fr. Gr. 51. 1848. 6. Hovey 

 Fr. Am. 2:85, PI. 1851. 7. Horticulturist N. S. 4:158, PI. 1854. 8. Ibid. N. S. 6:406. 1856. 

 9. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 880, fig. 1869. 10. Hogg Fruit Man. 663. 1884. 



Warwicke. 11. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629. 



Doyenne. 12. Langley Pomona 132. 1729. 13. Duharael Trail. Arb. Fr. 2:205, PI- XLHI. 1768. 

 14. Miller Card. Diet. 2: Pt. I. 1807. 15. Brookshaw Pom. Brit. 2: PI. 49. 1817. 16. Brookshaw 

 Hort. Reposit. 2:175, PI- 92- '823. 17. Leroy Diet. Pom. 2:52, fig. 1869. 18. Rev. Hort. 51. 1898. 



Virgalieu. 19. Prince Cat. 177 1. 



White Beurrc. 20. Mawe-Abercrombie Univ. Card. Bot. 1778. 



Weisse Herbst Butterbirne. 21. Christ Handb. 511. 1817. 22. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 100. 1825. 23. 

 Dochnahl Fiihr. Obstkunde 2:84. 1856. 24. Lauche Deut. Pom. II: No. 16, PI. 16. 1882. 25. Mathieu 

 Norn. Pom. 296. 1889. 



Saint- Michael. 26. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 191, &g. 3S. 1 81 7. 



Doyenne Blanc. 27. Trans. Land. Hort. Soc. 5:135. 1824. 28. Kenrick Am. Orch. 121. 1841. 

 29. Pom. France i: No. 74, PI. 74. 1863. 30. Mas ie Verger 3: Pt. 2, 19, fig. 106. 1866-73. 31. Guide 

 Prat. 63, 264. 1876. 32. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 236, fig. 1906. 



Thorp. 33. Do-wning Fr. Trees Am. 55i. 1857. 34. il/ag. i^orf. 24:516. 1858. 



Bonne-Ente. 35. Noisette Man. Comp. Sard. 2:532. i860. 



This ancient and world-renowned pear, its fruits the most delectable 

 of any that come from a pear orchard, is now rarely planted in America. 

 It is being discarded because the small and comparatively unattractive 

 fruits fail to satisfy commercial demands. In the middle of the last 

 century, when there was almost a mania for the best of the European 

 pears, when fruits were judged by the palate rather than the eye as now, 

 White Doyenne was one of the most commonly planted varieties. Proof 

 of its popularity at home and abroad is found in the great number of names 

 under which it has been grown. A more serious fault than small and 

 tinattractive pears is that the fruits and foliage are inviting prey to the 

 scab-fungus, which often cracks and scabs the pears and defoliates the 



