256 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 



often more swelled on one side than on the other, bronze, with some greenish dots and 

 patches, the skin rough to the touch; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, gritty around 

 the core; juice very abundant, sugary, vinous, sometimes astringent and sometimes also 

 delicate and perfiimed; second only on account of its variability, for in the same season 

 it may produce some exquisite fruit, some only good and some only medium in quality. 

 Autocrat, i. y^wtr. //or/. 3rd Ser. 3:260. 18S1. 



Described in the Journal of Horticulture, London, as a new and very large pear 

 ripening at the end of October. It was a seedling from Beurre Capiaumont and is very 

 hardy, robust and free, and quite distinct in growth and fruit. 



Autumn Bergamot (English), i. Pa>n. Mag. 3:120, PI. 1830. a. Lindley Guide Orch. 

 Card. 352. 1831. 



The English Autumn Bergamot or Common Bergamot is a distinct variety and not 

 synonymous with the Bergamotte d'Automne of France. Writing in the early part of 

 the eighteenth century, Switzer stated, and his statement was endorsed by Lindley in 

 1 83 1, that the Autumn Bergamot was introduced into England in the days of Julius Caesar, 

 that it was possibly the Assyrian Pear of Virgil, and was in that case to have been found 

 in the " once celebrated and famous gardens of Alcinous." This is a doubtful conjecture, 

 though without doubt the variety is of very ancient origin. Fruit small, globular-obtuse, 

 yellowish-green, dull brown where exposed to the sun and profusely speckled with gray 

 russet; flesh greenish-white, tender, melting, somewhat gritty at the core, juicy, and of 

 a rich flavor; a dessert pear of first quality; Oct. Tree vigorous, prolific, forms a 

 handsome standard and succeeds on either quince or pear. 



Autumn Colmar. i. Lindley Guide Orch. Card. 363. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 487. 

 1884. 



De Bavay. 3. Mas Le Verger 3: Pt. i, 175, fig. 86. 1866-73. 4- Leroy Diet. Pom. 

 1:184, fig. 1867. 



This seedling of Van Mons was described in 1830 in the London Horticultural Society's 

 Garden as a new Flemish pear. It was received there from Van Mons without a name 

 and so became known in the collection as Autumn Colmar from a fancied resemblance 

 of its flavor to that of the old Colmar. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, rounded at the 

 base, lemon-yellow, strewed with dots and patches of russet; flesh coarse, sweet, juicy, 

 astringent, rather gritty at the core; second; Sept. and Oct. 



Autumn Josephine, i. Jour. Hort. N. S. 20:29, %• 1871. 2. Hogg Fruit Maw.. 488. 

 1884. 



Obtained from seed of Josephine de Malines by W. E. Essington, Ribbesford House, 

 Bewdley, Eng. It first produced fruit in 1869. Fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; 

 somewhat flattened at the crown, greenish-yellow when quite ripe, russeted in patches, 

 flesh yellowish, with pale salmon tinge like that of Josephine de Malines, tender, fine- 

 grained, very jtiicy, juice rich, sugary, aromatic; first, though a little uncertain; Oct. 

 Autimin Nelis. i. Gard. Citron. 124. 1864. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 664. 1869. 

 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 4S8. 1884. 



Graham Autumn Nelis. 4. Jour. Hort. N. S. 5:331. 1863. 



Raised from seed by F. J. Graham, Cranford, Eng., about 1852 and exhibited before 



