FOREIGN NOTICES, 



'Eohl^^ ^ollee^. 



Planting Orchards of Apple Trees. — When an orchard is to be planted, or where there are 



many row?, the quincunx arrangement is always the best, because by that mode, each tree is 



equi-distant from its neiarhbors, and each has an 



equal portion of air and light; it is also the best a'">.^ ^^^ "~^^ ^^ 



for lining in all directions. Tlie rectangular mode ^v^ ^^' ^-^^ ^^-^ 



of planting (Fig. 2) is only fit for avenues. The ^ ^^^^^ .,-^^ 



quincunx arrangement is based on an equilateral ^^^ ^^ .'" ^n^ 



triangle, at each angle of which a tree is planted, ocf ^^'^^^ ^"~-o 



To trace out on the ground the lines for the "^"^^ ^^^ "^^ ^"^ 



quincunx, which must not be confounded with ^^^ .-'' ^^^ ,'^ 



^ ' ^ ^-OC ' — ^ Cy 



the rhomb, we first form a base line by means of ^^' -^^ ^^ ^s ,'^ ^^^ 



poles, or with a line ; on this line pegs are fixed ^x^'' /'"^^ ^''^ ^"^^ 



at the places where we intend to plant, at the '"-^^ ^^ "^J^ ,-''^^^ ■ '-^"'~"~^ ,'0 



distance determined on, say at 42 feet. In order ^-^ V ^-/ ^v-'' 



to mark out the second line, we take two meas- i Id' i^^v— =ir^| ^-.,^-' i 



ures, each 42 feet long, placing the end of one > -'" ^^y{ V'^ "^^v/ 



of them against the first peg in the first line, as r>-''' ^^ ^'i ^^v ,--''' I'-v. ^ '^^ 



at A, and the end of the second against the sec- "^^ /' ^n\ ^'' "-.> '•" ""-,, ,'" 



ond peg, B; we then bring the two measures ' ""^^ '^'V y- -. ^^'\ 



together at the other ends, and a peg is put in at I ^^C / ^^^""^-^ [ ,-^'^ '} 



the point where they meet, at C. The three ^>-'' ^-^^ ji,'^ "^-..^ 



pegs thus form an equilateral triangle. This q;^' ""- — -' / ^""-q''' 'i"^^ ^''^ ^^^o 



operation is repeated at the other end of the first ^^^ ' -' ^-^^ .' ^,''' 



line, and the two pegs last put in give the second ^'">-^'"'' ""v -''' "^-^^ ^^^ 



line, which is then filled up like the first with ,''' ^^,, ^ ^' -^^ , 



pegs, 42 feet apart. Tlie whole of the ground _^''' ^"^^ ^^'^ ^^, 



being thus marked out, we obtain the result '-^-^ -'^^^ S-0 



shown in fig. 1. Each tree is equi-distant from ^~-^^ ^,-'' ^-^^ ^^-' 



the six adjacent trees surrounding it, which can J^--^ ^ ""^o:'' 



not be the case either in the rectangular or in the ^^'' ""-^ ,-'' ^^^^ 



oblique square form. 3^' d ^""-o''' ^^>o 



In the quincunx mode of planting, it will some- ^^^^ ,-'' "^^^ ,^''' 



times happen that the distance between the rows ^"^^^^-^ ll^-nlll 



running parallel to A D is determined; and some- 



.• it^ J- i J? ii i • i. Fig. 1. PLA^TATION TS QtTXCOrX. 



tmies the distance of the trees m these rows, as ° 



A B is fixed. It is necessary to know, from having one of these distances given, how to find 

 exactly the other. "We must repeat the word — exactly; for, supposing the row should contain 

 as many as 50 trees, and the distances A B, or C P, should be only half an inch wrong, some 

 trees, or even rows, would be two feet out of their right position. Tlie trees could easily be 

 placed so as to line in one direction; but this being done, it would be seen that they were, in 

 consequence, put quite as much out of line in another direction. Stake after stake may be 

 altered, to an indefinite period, without forming correct lines, if a wrong principle has been 



d in starting. To prevent such confusion, to save time and expense, and to make sure of 



g out the whole satisfactorily, the following will pi'ove very useful. 



