221 



while the development proceeded, at g'reat risk of loss', consider- 

 ing the long period occupied by the development, during' which 

 the conditions surrounding the larvae were quite artificial. How- 

 ever, after four months of anxious waiting, with frequent exam- 

 ination of the interior of individual cells, sacrificed to gain a 

 knowdedge of the state of development, adults appeared in Sep- 

 tember, and continued to disclose themselves until the end of 

 October. In all 300 were recovered, which were liberated on 

 the Parker Ranch, on the Island of Hawaii, at the Wahinekea 

 Station, 50 on the 29th of September, 50 on the 13th of Octo • 

 ber and 200 on the 28th of October. 



These beetles when taken out of their cells were placed in 

 jars with sand and manure, but showed no activity whatsoever 

 in respect to the manure. Presumably they were not sexually 

 mature and will not bury manure until this maturity is reached. 



• In addition to the tumble bugs, Mr. Illingworth brought or 

 sent from Australia a number of other horn fly enemies : several 

 species of StapJiylinid beetles, a large Silphid beetle, and an His- 

 ter'id beetle, all predatory on the immature stages of dung flies, 

 which were liberated principally on the Parker Ranch, under 

 conditions favorable to their acclimatization and establishment. 



Our experience with the Australian material has changed 

 opinion somewhat regarding the desirability of introducing lar- 

 vae of tumble bugs, and as a result it has been decided to seek 

 the tumble bugs at closer range, in order to go back to the prac- 

 tice of introducing adults and at the same time get them with- 

 out loss and in a fairly fresh condition. 



In September of the present year Mr. H. T. Osborn, of the 

 H. S. P. A. Experiment Station stalT, was employed to collect 

 and ship horn fly enemies from southwest United States. From 

 this region desirable species can be transported to Hawaii in ten 

 days. Mr. Osborn has been working in the neighborhood of 

 Nogales, Arizona, and in Imperial Valley, California, and has 

 made to date four shipments, tw^o from Imperial Valley arriv- 

 ing here on the 5th and 19th of October, respectively, and two 

 from Nogales arriving here on the 1st and 8th of November, re- 

 spectively. 



The shipments from Imperial Valley included Staphyliuid 

 beetles, which are predatory on the immature stages of the horn 

 fly, and Spalangia, EitcoUa, etc., internal parasites of the same. 



Those from Nogales included two species of tumble bugs, 

 Copris colonicns and Copris remotits in large numbers, together 

 with a few individuals of a small Canthon and a metallic Phoc- 

 neas, a black Hister in numbers, and a Spalangia and a small 

 Eucolia. Mr. Osborn's engagement is for a period of one year, 

 so that many more consignments should be received from him. 

 It is considered desirable to give the American species a thor- 

 ough trial before attempting any new procedure. 



