38 

 TEN RULES OF BEEF PRODUCTION. 



First. Plenty of pasture and feed. 



Second. The right kind of cows — those that will produce good 

 calves regularly. 



Third. A good, purebred registered bull — one that will sire 

 good calves persistently. 



Fourth. A large calf crop. This means that all cows shall 

 drop calves, and that the calves shall be properly cared for at 

 birth. 



Fifth. Proper care of the breeding herd and the calves. 



Sixth! Selection of good heifer calves to replace old or infe- 

 rior cows. 



Seventh. Prevention of disease among the breeding herd and 

 the younger stock. 



Eighth. Shelter sufficient to protect the cattle from both se- 

 vere cold and extremely hot weather. 



Ninth. A practical knowledge of fattening cattle for market. 



Tenth. Marketing to advantage. 



RARE SUGAR FOUND IN HONEY. 



Although known to occur in various forms, even perhaps as 

 one of the constituents of the manna of Scripture, melezitose 

 is one of the rarest sugars. Minute cjuantities of it have been 

 available to scientists for many years, but the supply has never 

 been sufficient to permit of extensive experimentation. Now, 

 by the aid of some Pennsylvania bees, many of which lost their 

 lives, the United States Department of Agriculture has several 

 kilograms of this rare substance, extracted and purified in the 

 Bureau of Chemistry. 



The bees in certain sections of Pennsylvania were storing up 

 honey that crystallized, with the result that in the following 

 winter seasons the bees were not able to digest it, and starved. 

 The crystallized substance in the honey was found to be melezi- 

 tose, which derives its name from meles, the French name for 

 the larch tree, on which it was originally discovered in the form 

 of honeydew. It also occurs in a sugary incrustation, or manna, 

 on a leguminous tree in Persia and adjoining countries. Re- 

 cently it has been found by the Bureau of Chemistry in a similar 

 product on the Douglas fir in British Columbia. And now it 

 has turned up in Pennsylvania, stored away in the honeycomb 

 in numerous hives. In this instance the following origin of the 

 substance has been worked out : 



The scrub pine, and rarely other species of pine, are subject 

 to attack by a plant louse and by a scale insect. In the course 

 of their life activities these insects produce a honeydew which 

 is rich in melezitose. In dry summers, after the white clover 

 flowers have ceased to yield honey, the bees turn to this honey- 



