255 



In order that stock raisers and breeders, as well as veteri- 

 narians, may be in a position to take advantage of the provi- 

 sions of this act, it is necessary that they should know the kind 

 and nature of the remedies which the Board keeps on hand, and 

 should be more or less familiar with the general manifestations 

 or symptoms of the diseases to which these remedies may be 

 applied. As the act provides that the remedies ''shall be admin- 

 istered by the territorial veterinarian, his assistant or deputies," 

 it will in all cases be necessary for stock owners to have their 

 diagnosis confirmed by one of these officers, who will then take 

 immediate action in securing and applying the required remedy. 



The Board now keeps in stock supplies of the following bio- 

 logical products : 



Anthrax. This disease, which afifects practically all domestic 

 animals as well as man, became prevalent on Kauai, Oahu and 

 Maui at the time of the entry of the United States into the 

 world war, and was undoubtedly introduced here by alien ene- 

 mies. 



The aim must have been the destruction of the Territory's 

 abundant meat supply, and this end might have been attained to 

 a greater degree than occurred had it not been for the success of 

 the scientists of the federal Bureau of Animal Industry in per- 

 fecting a new anti-anthrax serum vaccine treatment shortly 

 before. When the outbreaks occurred this new treatment had 

 just become available commercially and proved so efficacious 

 that the disease was speedily suppressed and with insignificant 

 losses aft^r its application. 



Since that time only a very few cases have occurred in Kauai, 

 where the first infection took place, and none on either Oahu 

 or Maui. There is, therefore, little cause for going into detail 

 regarding this disease. It had never occurred here before, and 

 probably never will again, as most of the country where the in- 

 fection was planted is unsuited for its propagation. Vaccina- 

 tion is, nevertheless, practiced once a year of all live stock on 

 the ranch where the original outbreak took place, and the Board 

 keeps on hand a stock of both serum and vaccine sufficient to 

 meet any emergency, however remote it may be. 



Cattlemen and stock raisers should bear in mind that any sud- 

 den death of either horses, mules, cattle or sheep where the 

 carcass shows bloody discharge from the natural openings is 

 suspicious of anthrax and should be reported without 'delay to 

 the nearest veterinarian. Incision of the carcass should be 

 avoided until his arrival. If on post-mortem examination the 

 blood is found to be almost black and tarry and does not clot 

 (coagulate) and turn bright red when exposed to the air, and 

 when at the same time the spleen is found to be enlarged, there 

 is every reason to suspect anthrax. 



Anthrax vaccine (double), requiring "two injections of 1 cc. 

 each with an interval of ten days, after which immunity may be 

 expected to occur a week or ten days after the second injection. 



