256 



costs ten to fifteen cents per double dose. It has no curative 

 properties and will hasten the appearance of the disease in an 

 infected animal. 



It is therefore of importance when this method of immuni- 

 zation is employed that vaccination of all exposed live stock be 

 finished well ahead (two to three weeks) of the setting in of 

 warm weather — the time when deaths begin to occur — or, as it 

 is called in infected localities, the anthrax season. It should 

 not be used after the animals have actually begun dying from 

 anthrax. 



Anti-anthrax serum vaccine, known as ''the simultaneous 

 method," consists in the injection of 10 cc. of anti-anthrax 

 serum on one side and 1 cc. of a strong anthrax vaccine on the 

 other side of the animal. The serum, which is obtained from 

 horses hyperimmunized through repeated and increasing doses of 

 anthrax virus, has strong preventive and curative properties and 

 renders negligible the danger of causing anthrax with the 

 stronger vaccine injected at the same time. It therefore con- 

 fers immediate protection, and the two together establish what is 

 known as an active immunity against the disease. 



The anti-anthrax serum, owing to the fact that it requires for 

 its production sound live horses which must be kept under treat- 

 ment for months at the time — and some of the larger manufac- 

 turers keep on hand hundreds of horses in porcelain-lined, steam- 

 heated, hygienic and sanitary stables for this purpose only — 

 and to the further fact that for preventive purposes the serum 

 must be given in doses ten times as great as the vaccine, and for 

 curative purposes in doses of 100 cc. or more, it is easily under- 

 stood, is a more expensive product than the vaccine, which is 

 made in the bacteriological laboratory by inoculating flasks con- 

 taining the proper culture media, such as bouillon, and after the 

 anthrax bacteria have attained the requisite growth^ attenuate 

 (weaken) them by heat, standardize them as to strength, add a 

 preservative, bottle, label and market. 



Hence the vaccine, as stated, costs 10 cents per dose, even the 

 double vaccine, while the simultaneous treatment — 1 cc. vaccine 

 and 10 cc. serum — costs from 30 cents to 35 cents per dose, and 

 a curative treatment of serum alone (100 cc.) costs $2.50 to 

 $3.00. 



{To he continued.) 



DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 



REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FORESTRY, JULY, 1920. 



Board of Commissioners of -Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu. 



Gentlemen: — I respectfully submit the following routine report of the 

 Division of Forestry for the month of Jul^, 1920: 



