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000,000.00 from pocket gophers, $5,000,000.00 from rabbits, all 

 others $5,000,000.00. Losses from predatory animals are hard 

 to estimate, but from the State of Utah a report estimates that 

 500,000 head of sheep were destroyed in 1915. Owing to a sys- 

 tematic control through hunting, trapping and poisoning, a mate- 

 rial decrease was obtained, in 1919, only 75,000 head of sheep 

 being killed. 



What bearing, if any, has the above on Hawaii? We have 

 some field mice and field rats, house mice and common rats, 

 but we have no ground squirrels, pocket gophers, jack and brush 

 rabbits, and these are the ones which do the greatest damage to 

 growing crops. Again, as far as predatory animals are con- 

 cerned, Hawaii is free from them and we can consider ourselves" 

 fortunate. At times one hears fellow citizens remark about the 

 folly of trying to keep out pests. "Why, we have got all the 

 bugs there are right here in the Territory." In 1917 the U. S. 

 Dept. of Agriculture published a bulletin entitled "A Manual of 

 Dangerous Insects Likely to be Introduced in the United States 

 Through Importations." In looking over the enormous list of 

 pests cited, let me just touch on a few crops that we are inter- 

 ested in, and their insect enemies. 



Sugar Cane. The sugar cane industry here was once threat- 

 ened by the cane leaf hopper and, had it not been for the finding 

 of parasites to cope with it, no doubt we would be experiencing 

 a terrific loss annually. There are many other species of cane 

 leaf hoppers in other countries. Mr. Muir recently enumerated 

 21 that he knows of in the Orient, Malay Archipelago, Philip- 

 pines and others in Africa not yet named. There are a lot of 

 other pests such as leaf miners, stem borers, root borers, de- 

 foliating moths, aphids or plant lice and scale insects in many 

 parts of the world especially on the Islands of the Pacific Ocean. 

 Also, there are many diseases of cane known to exist in the 

 Orient, Malay Archipelago, Queensland, Fiji and other coun- 

 tries which could easily be brought here in soil or other materials 

 if it were not for our strict quarantine rules and regulations. 



Pineapples. Within the last ten years the pineapple industry 

 has grown from a very small industry to enomious proportions. 

 Practically speaking, there are no serious pests here to hamper 

 this industry, yet the records show that many very injurious 

 pests exist in other countries. In the West Indies, for instance, 

 they have a borer which works into the root of the plant and 

 tunnels up into the stem and into the growing fruit, causing enor- 

 mous losses to the crop. In Fiji, only a ten day trip from Hono- 

 lulu, they have a fruit fly which attacks pineapples. In the 

 Philippines they have a blight which kills off hundreds of acres 

 annually. 



Rice. One of the main foodstuffs of the Oriental race is rice 

 and, although the industry here is not what it should be, it is, 

 practically speaking, free from serious pests. Two rice stem 



