296 



female adult insects, which have functional, facetted eyes and a 

 pair of ocelli or simple eyes. The wingless individuals are very 

 numerous and are more or less blind, at least the soldiers are 

 generally without eyes. 



The colony is started by the winged males and females, which, 

 after the swarm flight referred to later, drop their wings and 

 seek a suitable place for a nest. These are known as coloniz- 

 ing forms. 



After some time the female becomes enlarged with eggs, often 

 to a very great extent, when she is known as the queen or true 

 queen, or queen mother. In some species the true queen is rare, 

 or at least difficult to find. Sometimes nymphal forms become 

 fertile and serve as complementary or substitute queens. They 

 are referred to as "neotines." The soldier is usually more or 

 less characteristic for each species. The initial growth of the 

 colony is slow. Only a few eggs are laid in the beginning, which 

 hatch after a period of incubation. The young are at first un- 

 differentiated larvae. These give rise to the different forms 

 already referred to, soldier larvae and soldiers, worker larvae 

 and workers (where present), and nymphs and adult winged 

 males and females or neotinic forms. The metamorphosis is 

 slight and gradual and in some individuals is dispensed with. 

 It would appear that fully a year elapses betw^een the hatching 

 of the egg and the development of the winged insect, although 

 the soldier may complete its development in less than a year. 

 It is probable that the queens endure several years. As a result 

 of termite economy, large numbers of superfluous individuals 

 are frequently produced in a nest. These in the winged state 

 leave the community, forming swarms which are often of enor- 

 mous extent. They are eagerly preyed on and most of the in- 

 dividuals destroyed, but the small proportion which escape be- 

 gin the establishment of new colonies, as already related. 



SPECIES OF TERMITES FOUND IN HAWAII, THEIR RELATIONSHIP 

 AND HISTORY. 



As stated above, there are now found in Hawaii four species 

 of termites generically distinct and belonging to two separate 

 families and sub-families, according to the following tabulation : 



Kalotermitidae ^"'''''"''•"'« referred to marginipcnnis Latreille 

 Neotenncs casfaiieiis Burmeister 



Sub-fam. ) 

 Kalotermitinae [ 



Cryptotermes ■' brcvis W^alkcr. 



Fam. 



^;, , r <! Coptotcrmes intrudens Oshima 



Coptotermitinae 



