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when it appeared in the cattle of the Kau district of Hawaii with 

 a mortahty of two per cent among an aggregate of six thousand 

 cattle belonging to various owners. This outbreak was promptly 

 checked by vaccination. 



As the micro-organisms causing this disease exist in the soil 

 and normal air-passages of cattle and only upon certain condi- 

 tions which tend to lower the vitality and powers of resistance of 

 the animal do they assume a pathological significance, it would 

 seem advisable that stock owners should be on the lookout for its 

 appearance and especially that they should not hesitate to report 

 an outbreak even if only a few animals are aft'ected, and obtain 

 such assistance and protection for their own and their neighbors' 

 live stock as the Territory has provided for that purpose. 



Pathology of the Disease in Cattle. 



Hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle is an acute infectious disease 

 which in the early stages of an outbreak often causes death in the 

 course of a few hours. One or more dead animals may be found 

 before the owner is aware of the presence of the disease in his 

 herd or has noticed anything wrong with his animals, especially 

 if the disease breaks out among cattle on the open range or in 

 large pastures. 



Post-mortem examination of an animal dead of hemorrhagic 

 septicemia presents a strange appearance. Practically every organ 

 in the body is affected. Ihey look as if a bucket of blood had 

 been thrown over them so closely are they covered with hemor- 

 rhages of varying sizes. Large masses of gelatinous material are 

 found in both body cavities and all the lymph glands are swollen 

 and drip blood when cut. The intestines may be filled with blood 

 and their contents covered with bloody mucous. The lungs be- 

 come the seat of gangrenous pneumonia, their appearance chang- 

 ing from the normal pink to a greenish color, and are more or less 

 solidified and interspersed with streaks of a gelatinous nature. 



The spleen, which is materially changed m appearance in an- 

 thrax, is rarely if ever aflected in hemorrhagic septicemia and 

 while there may be bloody discharges from the natural openings 

 of the body they are different in character from anthrax and the 

 blood retams its normal tendency to clot. 



A disease as fatal as anthrax, it is more to be dreaded in that 

 it may spring up at any time, while anthrax cannot occur except 

 by direct "plant" or importation of animals affected or exposed to 

 infection. 



The Division of Animal Industry has on hand at the present 

 time sufficient amounts of anti-hemorrhagic speticemia serum, 

 vaccine and bacterin to take care of any outbreaks unless the 

 disease should appear all over the Territory at the same time. 



Swine Plague. 



Swine plague, the hemorrhagic septicemia of hogs, has been 

 observed in this Territorv since 1909 and outbreaks of a more or 



