Index 



205 



Odonata, invasion of ponds, 14, 43 

 oil, fly larvae in, 70 

 oligocKaetes (see also limnodrilids 

 and annelids) 



haemoglobin, 102 



on land, 15 



respiration, 109 

 oligohalinophil animals, 29 

 Onchidium, 65 

 oncidies, water-breathing, 96 

 Onychophora, on land, 16, 93 

 Opalina, as parasite, 141 

 opalinids, as parasites, 67 

 Ophiocephalus, 60 

 Opsanus, oxygen needs, 101 

 Orcdcella brerirostris, 27 

 Orchestid gamarellus, 29 

 origin, of life, 5, 6, 93 



of animals, 8, 49 



of plants, 1 1 

 Oryzids tdtipes, 45 

 osmotic pressure, 76, 7Sy 115, 117, 



129 

 osmotic pressure (Continued) 



concentration, 97 

 ostracoderms, 7 

 ostracods, gill cavities, 98 

 overpopulation, 50, 53 

 oxygen, 6, 14 



consumption, 116 



dependable supply, 15, 59 



in klongs, 60 



in lakes, 84 



in marshes, 34, 36 



in sea water, 82, 83 



requirements, 5, 101 



sensitivity to, 59 



tension, 102 



oysters, food, 26 



sahnity toleration, 74, 75 

 succession, 52 

 temperature toleration, 83 



Pdchygrapsus crdssipes, blood salin- 



ity, 113 

 Pdgurided, gills, 107 

 Pdldemonetes, kidneys, 123 



P. vdridns, 28 

 paludal environments, 36 

 paludine mosquitoes, 35 

 Panulirus drgus, blood salinity, 113 

 Pdrdmecium, excretion, 129 



salinity tolerance, 76 



water elimination, 97 

 parasites, 67, 140 



protection from, 96 



spreading, 50 

 Pdrdtelphusd sinense, in sea water, 

 120 



P. sp., salt toleration, 75 

 peridinians, 19 

 Periophthdlmus, eyes, 128 

 periophthalmids, on ground, 96 

 Petrochirus bdhdmensis , blood salin 



ity, 113 

 pH, of sea water, 82 

 Phdscolosomd, oxygen used, 58 

 phosphates, in sea water, 73 

 phosphorus, 6 



in sea water, 42 



necessary to plants, 56 

 photosynthesis, 42, 56, 82, 89 

 phototropism, 21 

 phyllopods, 36 

 Physd heterostrophd, 71 



