194 



Index 



in salt marsh, 33 



respiration, 109 

 Anodonta, blood, 118 

 Ants, eaten by gobies, 58 



predominant, 145 

 apterygotids, in soil, 38, 39 

 aquatic animals, air-breathing, 60 

 arachnids (see also spiders) 



haemocyanin, 121 



in deserts, 16 



on land, 16 

 archer fish, catches insects, 58 

 aridity, 60 

 armadillo, 51 

 Artemia salina, 71, 73 

 arthrodires, 7 



arthropods (see also crustaceans, in- 

 sects, myriapods, etc.) 



as colonizers, 10 



evaporation, 88, 94 



eyes, 127 



integument, 100 



locomotion, 125 

 Ascophyllum, beach zone, 18, 19 

 Asellus, 28 



A. dquaticus, 29 

 asphyxiation, 77 

 Astacidae, 15 



Aurelia, salt toleration, 75 



Avacined, 25 



axolotl, respiration, 103 



bacteria, nitrogenous, 42 

 converting debris, 57 

 Baldntidium, as parasites, 141 



B. bdldnoides, 54 

 Baltic Sea, salinity, 74 

 barnacles, 146 



at high-tide mark, 20 

 oxygen needs, 101 

 parasitic on crabs, 67, 141 

 resistance to dilution, 55, 74 

 respiration, 86, 108 

 succession, 52 



toleration ranges, 69, 77, 83 

 zonation, 18, 54 



bats, in caves, 39, 40 



beaches, 9, 17 



stratification, 54 

 tidal rhythms, 104 

 unstable, 92 

 zonation, 54 



beetles (see also Coleoptera and va- 

 rious genera) 

 /^ Isfind, 40 



V ^ in caves, 39 



larva, ?>% 



in brackish water, 4 

 museum pest, %%, 92 

 on beaches, 58 

 predominate, 97 



birds, agility, 79 



body fluids, 76 



breeding sites, 63 



excretion, 129 



feathers, 97 



gill arches, 9 



in deserts, 16 



ingestion, 137 



migrate to sea, 10, 14 

 Birgus, 38, 45 



gills, 98 



reproduction, 134 

 Birgus Idtro, reproduction, 134 

 Black Sea, salinity, 31 



