NOCTURNAL MIGRATION 69 



serve as an explanation of the instinct that guides 

 these birds in their return to the general region from 

 a distance of hundreds of miles. 



Still more remarkable is the case of the Mother 

 Carey's chicken, and other petrels and shearwaters 

 that nest near or in Antarctic regions, and after the 

 breeding season spread northward until they cross 

 the Equator. As these birds may spend most of the 

 resting cycle between periods of reproduction out of 

 sight of land, no one can allege that any recognition 

 of a route once traversed guides them on their re- 

 turn to their nesting grounds. 



Penguins, birds with wings developed as paddles 

 that have entirely lost the power of flight, nest on 

 various islands, mainly in Antarctic regions. Some 

 species at least perform wandering migrations which 

 carry them for considerable distances across open 

 seas during seasons when they are not breeding. As 

 the birds have not been thoroughly studied these 

 movements are not well understood, so that much 

 remains to be learned of the distances that they 

 wander. It is known that the Magellanic penguin, 

 which breeds on islands in the Straits of Magellan 

 and elsewhere in the south, comes north regularly in 

 winter to the coasts of the Province of Buenos Aires 

 and eastern Uruguay, and even to Rio Grande do 

 Sul in Southern Brazil. I have seen dead bodies of 

 many which had perished from some cause, cast on 



