MIGRATION AMONG RESIDENT BIRDS 87 



working soberly across the mud-bars in prosaic 

 search for food, unaffected as yet by the warming 

 weather, since their own nesting grounds in the 

 north were still covered with inhospitable ice and 

 snow. It is of interest in this connection to record a 

 crow banded in January near Stillwater, Oklahoma, 

 and recovered April 15 near Woodstock, Minne- 

 sota, as indicating the extent of the migrations in 

 this species. 



In eastern Kansas, where the downy woodpecker 

 is a common resident, it has on occasion been almost 

 exterminated by protracted ice storms, which for 

 weeks at a time covered all trees and shrubbery with 

 a coating of ice that sheathed food-supplies for these 

 woodpeckers as if beneath a coat of steel. In the 

 summer season following such a severe winter, these 

 woodpeckers may be very rare; but after the first 

 week in November, when winter conditions come in 

 states to the northward, downy woodpeckers be- 

 come fairly common, indicating migration among 

 them from some region to the northward. The ac- 

 tual journey of such birds again may be determined 

 only through banding operations. 



Species like the bobwhite, mockingbird, and 

 Carolina wren appear truly sedentary, except for a 

 certain amount of post-breeding wandering in the 

 wren and mocker, and some casual flying in early 

 autumn on the part of the quail, during which ran- 







