LINES OF MIGRATORY FLIGHT 147 



pass via the valley of the Rhine to the shores of the 

 Mediterranean. Of special interest are flights east 

 and west across the English Channel from the 

 French and Flemish coasts to England. A compli- 

 cated line of flight is indicated also south and south- 

 west through Russia. Many of the migrants from 

 Europe find congenial winter quarters by flights 

 across the Mediterranean Sea to Africa, where there 

 is a vast land area offering them choice of highly 

 diversified land conditions. 



In Siberia the valleys of the Obi, Yenesei, and 

 Lena are supposed to offer broad pathways south, 

 which may swing migrants down past the Black Sea 

 into Egypt, via the Caspian Sea, to the shores of the 

 Persian Gulf, or through mountain passes into India 

 or the Malayan countries. The wintering hordes 

 toward the east are swelled by a flood of birds that 

 come south from Kamchatka, eastern Siberia, and 

 Manchuria coastwise into Japan, the Philippine 

 Islands, Malaysia, and the islands to the south. 



The flights indicated are broadly outlined, with- 

 out reference to many cross lines and minor divi- 

 sions which are not pertinent in the present work. 

 They may be dismissed with the statement that 

 they seem more complicated than those known in 

 North America. 



Winter migrants from the north are abundantly 

 evident in many of the East Indian Islands at the 



