MIGRATION AMONG SHORE-BIRDS 177 



the south during the northern summer, as they have 

 been recorded in South America, and I have per- 

 sonally seen golden plover, turnstones, and tattlers 

 among islands in the Pacific at that season. Scat- 

 tered individuals that I have examined were found 

 to be wounded, sterile, or otherwise diseased indi- 

 viduals that were unable to perform the long flight 

 to their northern homes, or from their condition 

 lacked the physiological incentive to so do. In the 

 Hawaiian islands it appeared to me that most of 

 these lingerers seemed to feel a desire to travel 

 northward, but were restrained by their condition 

 from making the attempt. A number seen were 

 individuals that had not been successful in carrying 

 through the winter moult, and in consequence were 

 in very ragged plumage. Imperfections in the flight 

 feathers would weigh heavily against chance of 

 success in prolonged flights to northern lands. We 

 shall never know how frequently such imperfections 

 result in slackened flight, which prevents such birds 

 from reaching the safety of the distant land toward 

 which they fly, as any that may fail disappear in the 

 broad seas they are required to cross. 



Of classic interest in discussion of the flights of 

 American shore-birds is the migration route cov- 

 ered by the golden plover. The eastern form of this 

 bird, from its breeding stand in Arctic America in 

 late summer, migrates to the east and southeast 



