84 INTERNAL SECRETIONS OF THE OVARY 



oestrous changes in the anoestrous bitch by the injection of 

 saUne extracts of ovaries, but Sonnenberg (589) in 1907 failed 

 to cause oestrus by the injection of Hquor foUicuh. In 1912 

 a variety of workers pubhshed the results of experiments on 

 the effects of ovarian extracts on the accessory organs. 

 Adler (2) claimed to have produced oestrous changes in 

 virgin rabbits by the use of aqueous extracts of the whole 

 ovary. In the same year Iscovesco (310-3) was able to 

 extract, by the use of fat solvents, a substance which caused 

 rapid hypertrophy of the uteri of adult animals, the uteri of 

 injected animals being three to four times as heavy as those of 

 controls. To Fellner (191-2), however, falls the credit for the 

 first organized attempt to analyse the effects of extracts of 

 various reproductive organs on the normal and ovariectomized 

 animal. Fellner appears to have aimed at causing changes 

 characteristic of pregnancy in the organs of the ovariectomized 

 animal. His results, however, showed fairly clearly that oestrous 

 changes were produced. Extracts of whole ovary, of corpora 

 lutea, of ovaries without corpora lutea, as well as placental 

 extracts were used, and the effects of these extracts on the 

 uterus, vagina and mammary glands were investigated. The 

 real advance made by Fellner lay, firstly, in the use of ovariec- 

 tomized animals as test animals, and, secondly, in the careful 

 examination of the effects produced. Fellner stated that his 

 active substance obtained from placentae, ovaries without 

 corpora lutea, and Graafian follicles,was soluble in alcohol, ether, 

 and acetone, and was therefore probably of a lipoid nature. 



In the following year Okinschitz (481) stated that the 

 subcutaneous injection of extracts into ovariectomized rabbits 

 retarded the atrophy of the uterus. Extracts of corpora lutea 

 were not found to have this effect. At about the same time 

 Seitz, Wintz, and Fingerhut (558) claimed to have prepared 

 from the corpus luteum two different substances, one of which 

 promoted menstruation, while the other inhibited it. Herrmann 

 (291) and Herrmann and Fraenkel (294), who used immature 

 rabbits as test animals, emphasized the presence of the oestrus- 

 producing substance in the placenta. These authors give the 

 following directions for the preparation of extracts. The tissue 

 is minced and extracted twice with alcohol, the two extracts 



