78 INTERNAL SECRETIONS OF THE OVARY 



cystic or atretic. Only Pettinari (514) has observed true 

 corpora lutea in the ovary grafted into the male. 



Male guinea-pigs with such a graft become ' hyperfeminized ' 

 and secrete milk. Lipschiitz attributes this effect to the cystic 

 follicles, and likens it to a condition of persistent oestrus. This 

 author states, however, that the atretic follicles form luteal 

 and interstitial cells. Since similar luteal cells formed in other 

 experimental ways (see p. 186) can be shown to have their nor- 

 mal function, it is doubtful whether the mammary effects 

 found in experimental hermaphroditism are brought about by 

 follicular or luteal action. 



Effects of transplantatio7i. Many workers have reported the 

 effects of ovarian transplantation, including Knauer (325), 

 Ribbert (534), and Limon (364) on the rabbit, Halban (260) on 

 the guinea-pig, and Marshall and Jolly (452) on the rat. 



As a result of this work, it has become abundantly clear that 

 the successful transplantation of the ovaries from their normal 

 position to some other site in the body never results in the 

 changes typical of ovariectomy. 



Moreover, grafts from another individual into an ovariec- 

 tomized female will prevent the atrophy which would otherwise 

 take place. It should also be emphasized that under favourable 

 conditions oestrous changes can occur in the ovariectomized 

 animal with an ovarian graft. This means that, provided 

 vascular connections exist, the ovary can control the growth and 

 periodicity of the secondary organs from anywhere in the body, 

 and hence that no nervous mechanism is concerned. 



It does not seem to have been recorded whether the ovarian 

 graft will maintain the cestrous cycle after atresia of the 

 follicles, but it is certain that such a graft can maintain the 

 ordinary nutrition of the uterus. The ovarian factor concerned 

 is thus independent of the follicles. This conclusion has been 

 supported by the grafting of ovarian medulla only (which is free 

 of large follicles) as reported by Blair Bell (56), and by X-ray 

 elimination of the follicles (see p. 143) in the young animal. 



Further evidence that the correlation between the ovary and 

 the accessory organs is non-nervous in nature may be mentioned. 

 Instead of severing the nervous connection by transplantation of 

 the ovary, it is possible to perform the converse experiment and 



