72 INTERNAL SECRETIONS OF THE OVARY 



of castration. Certain effects, however, unconnected with the 

 accessory organs, do follow ovariectomy, particularly of the 

 immature female. These include: 



(a) The subcutaneous fat which is laid down at puberty in 



the normal female fails to appear, and, subsequently, 

 adipose tissue is laid down indiscriminately. 



(b) The long bones undergo increased growth owing to the 



non-ossification of the epiphyses. 



(r) In correlation with the increased growth of the skeleton, 

 a greater wxight is attained. Experimental work on 

 this has been performed by Wang, Richter, and Gutt- 

 macher (630). 



^d) The sex instinct is suppressed, together w4th such sex 

 reflexes as the ' tail erection ' of the female rodent 

 before copulation. With the suppression of the sex 

 instinct comes a general state of lethargy. Advantage 

 is taken of this fact in the spaying of farm stock before 

 fattening for market. 



{e) According to Loewy and Richter (424) the basal meta- 

 bolism falls after ovariectomy. Blair Bell (56) reports 

 decrease in calcium excretion, increase in phosphorus 

 excretion, and no change in nitrogen metabolism after 

 ovariectomy. 



(/) Much confusion exists as to the effect of ovariectomy on 

 the other ductless glands. Biach and Hulles (64) state 

 that ovariectomy of the young animal causes atrophy 

 of the pineal. This has not been confirmed. Hammond 

 (262) and Blair Bell (56) found hypertrophy and 

 hyperactivity of the pituitary after ovariectomy. 

 Considerable hypertrophy of the thyroid is known to 

 occur during various phases of the sexual cycle, and 

 Blair Bell reports hyperactivity after ovariectomy. 

 According to the same author, an increase in the zona 

 reticularis of the adrenal is found. According to 

 Masui and Tamura (457), Miller (460), and Deanesly 

 (154), sex dimorphism is found in the adrenal cortex 

 of the mouse. Castration causes changes in the male 

 cortex which obliterate the sex difference, but ovariec- 

 tomy produces no effect on the female gland. 



