REPORT ON THE PETROLOGY OF OCEANIC ISLANDS. 123 



Proceeding towards the south-east we meet Bismarck Peninsula, which runs out, 

 indented by numerous fjords, between Rhodes Bay and Whale Bay. The rocks collected 

 here by the German expedition were examined by Professor Roth. He speaks of a 

 mountain formed of doleritic rock on a very narrow headland at the western extremity. 

 This hill has the terraced structure so often to be seen in Kerguelen. Other specimens 

 from this locality are altered doleritic basalts of a greyish colour, and fine grained. In 

 these the microscope shows crystals of augite, magnetite, and olivine embedded in a 

 vitreous ground-mass. The eastern coast is deeply cut into by the bays of Sontags 

 Harbour, Successful Harbour, and Port Palliser. Mount Palliser rises to the north of 

 Sontags Harbour, and its terraces incline gradually towards the north-west as far as 

 Cape Neumayer. These heights and those situated between Sonntags Harbour and 

 Port Palliser are composed of amygdaloidal dolerites with chabasite, calcite, analcime on 

 calcite, heulandite, geodes of chalcedony, and crystals of quartz. 



The great peninsula of Bismarck is bounded on the south by Whale Bay, at the head 

 of which — named Kaiserbassin by the Germans — a river enters from the Lindenberg 

 glacier. The bed of this watercourse is full of flat pebbles. The glacier terminates about 

 six nautical miles from the shore in a wall of ice 75 feet high, the base being at an 

 elevation of 350 feet above sea level. The whole valley was probably filled by this 

 glacier at one time. Professor Roth enumerates amongst the stones of the valley, more 

 or less altered doleritic basalts and amygdaloidal rocks, with brownish silica and geodes of 

 zeolites, the latter being covered by a thin coating of delessite. Among the secondary 

 minerals he mentions quartz, probably replacing natrolite, and also agate, calcite, and 

 geodes of quartz. A trachytic rock, containing sanidine, augite, and magnetic iron, 

 crops out at the mouth of the river, and at another place the same rock traverses 

 doleritic basalt as a dyke from 180 to 250 feet thick. 



The Roon peninsula runs out between Irish Bay and Winterhafen. The rocks of 

 the hills on this promontory are doleritic, and contain geodes of quartz and agate with a 

 little calcite. The same rocks with identical secondary minerals appear again at Winter- 

 hafen, and according to Professor Roth, a greyish sanidine rock also occurs. The hills 

 of the extremity of Uebungs Bay — which is only the eastern extension of Winterhafen — 

 are crowned with lakes, and the rocks are similar to those described above, yet one rock 

 seems to contrast strongly with all others found in Kerguelen. Professor Roth says 

 that in this locality the basalt traverses a greyish pyritiferous mass, which effervesces 

 with acids, and contains much quartz and little felspar. The appearance of this rock 

 recalled that of the dolomite of the schisto-crystalline series, but he acknowledged that 

 there was difficulty in pronouncing as to its age. Professor Roth gives some details of 

 the rocks of this part of Winterhafen, which enable us to recognise the same uniformity 



