BY WILLIAM A. HASWELL. 349 



represented in the figure, before pursuing its straight course back- 

 wards towards the anus. 



The nephridia were described by Otto as salivary glands, and 

 the same view of their natu/e was taken by Quatrefages* as well 

 as by Dujardin. They are only very obscurely referred to by 

 Costa. 



Leuckart (I.e., p. 166) expresses a doubt as to the correctness of 

 Rathke's view that these represent salivary glands, and suggests 

 that they may be comparable to the Polian vesicles of Echinoderms. 



Claparede, to whom we owe the earliest recognition of the true 

 nature of these bodies, statesf that they had been seen by Delle 

 Chiaje and Rathke as well as Kblliker. He remarks that there 

 is a great resemblance, as had already been pointed out by the 

 last-named observer, between these organs and the renal organs 

 of the Gasteropoda. He describes them in Stylarioides as tubular 

 glands opening externally near the mouth and terminating behind 

 in a cul-de-sac at the sides of the stomach, in the eighth segment. 

 They are full of spherical bodies resembling cells, but without 

 evident nuclei, and each of them containing a single spherical 

 concretion or several. 



Grube's statement regarding these bodies is essentially a repe- 

 tition of Claparede's. 



Langerhans,J as already mentioned, describes three glands as 

 opening in the neighbourhood of the mouth in Brada inhabilis, 

 Rathke, the unpaired one being evidently the cardiac body and 

 the lateral, containing round concretions, the nephridia. 



Studer describes these excretory glands as opening in front into 

 the anterior part of the pharynx. 



In Coppingeria these glands are of large size and deeply lobed. 

 They extend from the posterior part of the praestomium backwards 

 through the following two or three segments, and are prolonged 



* "Memoire sur la famille des Chlor^miens." 'Ann. Sci. Nat.' 2e serie, 

 tome xii. (1849), p. 277. 



t L.c, p. 362. 

 X "Die Wurmfauna von Madeira," 'Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool.' xxxiv. (1880). 



