REGULATIONS FOR SPANISH SHIPS 



and Pllote, and at his commandement are all the maryners 

 of the ship. 



The shippes commonly goe deeper laden from Spaine, 

 then our shippes doe in any voyage. 



The order of the Carena given to the ships that [in. 864..] 

 go out of Spaine, to the Indies. 



He shippe of what burthen soever shee bee 

 must give a Carena, as they call it in the 

 Spanish tongue, which is in English, shee 

 must be throughly calked, and fortified, 

 as well with carpenters to set knees into 

 her, and any other tymbers appertaining 

 to the strengthening of a shippe, as with 

 calking : which is to put occam into her sides ; and that 

 kinde of calking is not used, as ours is here in England ; 

 but first before they put in any threede of occam, they 

 with certaine crooked yrons, with an hammer in one 

 hande, and the crooked yron in the other, doe forcibly 

 pull out all the olde threede that hath bene in the shippe 

 the voyage before, and so drive in new. 



If the seame of the shippe be worne to any bredth, as 

 many olde shippes be, by reason of often raking them, 

 upon that seame there is clapt a piece of caste leade, 

 nayled upon the calking, and seame with speciall nayles, 

 which leade is cast a handes bredth, and as thinne as may 

 bee for the same purpose, and at every voyage it is taken 

 off and renued, and by that meanes their shippes are very 

 stanch a yeere or two. 



The Carenero or the Calker doeth give in suerties, that 

 if the shippe so cast over, as they doe commonly use to 

 cast them, in such sort as any man may goe drie upon the 

 keele, as I have done, and without any butte, pipe, or any 

 other kinde of timber under her sides, more then with 

 counter-poyze of stones in her, made within certaine 

 timber as though it were a cheste; and with the stones 

 the Carenero doeth bring her as hee will, high and low, 

 leaning, or rysing : and if shee miiscarrie in her Carena, 



447 



Calkhig with 

 thinne plates of 

 lead. 



The Calker or 

 Carenero. 



