64 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.40 



the shortest period being 12 days and the longest period 23 days. The total 

 developmental period from hatching to emergence as adult averaged -7.2 days 

 at Fredonia during 1916. 



" The chief factors in the natural control of the beetles are drowning of 

 adults, reforestation which decreases the amount of the bird cherry, a ca rabid 

 beetle (Lebia ornata) which attacks the beetles, and the cedar waxwing 

 (Bombycilla ccdrorum) which was observed feeding on the adults. The cherry 

 leaf-beetle is effectively controlled by arsenicals. preferably combined wnn 

 Bordeaux mixture, and nicotin sulphate; fur the proper employment of which 

 directions are given." 



Notes on the strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella), H. C. Efflatoun 

 (Ann. Appl. Bid., 4 (1918). Vo. 4, pp. 106-210, figs. 3).— Both the larva and 

 adult damage the leaves of strawberries in England in the same way by eating 

 the lower and upper epidermis and the soft underlying tissue, leaving the 

 opposite layer of epidermis intact. Technical descriptions are given of the 

 larva, pupa, and adult. 



Bean and pea weevils, E. A. Back and A. B. DUCKBTT (17. 8. Dept. Afir.. 

 Farina*' Bui. 983 (.1918), pp. 24, figs. 25).— A description is given of the prin- 

 cipal pea ami bean weevils, and methods tor the prevention of h>ss therefrom 

 are outlined. 



The preparation of bees for outdoor wintering, E. F. PHILLIPS and (i. S. 

 Demuth (/'. 8. Dept. Apr., Farmer*' Bui. 1012 {1918), /-/*. 2<>. fig*. 6).— It is 

 pointed out that the preparation of bees for outdoor wintering Is of most vital 

 importance, no other phase of beekeeping having so direct an Influence on the 

 honey crop of the following season. The apiary should be Located in a pro- 

 tected place and the colonies should not be moved at the time of packing. 



Directions are given in this publication for the proper arrangement of the 

 apiary to prevent confusion due to the shifting of hives. The amount and 

 character of the packing materials and the most economical type >'f packing 

 cases are dismissed, a schedule of dates tor packing and unpacking the hives 

 is presented for all parts of the United states, and the amount ami character 

 of winter stores are indicated. It is deemed important that none of the factors 

 of good wintering be omitted, and several tcvis; are given by means of which 

 the beekeeper can determine whether his bees jire wintering properly. 



Wintering bees in cellars, E. F. PHILLIPS ami G. S. DkhuTB {U. 8. I>> i>t. 

 Agr.. Farmers' Bui. 1014 (1018). pp. 21. fin^. 3).— Cellar wintering is said to be 

 practicable where the average outdoor temperature during the winter months is 

 as low as 25° F. Bees should be put into the cellar after a good flight in late 

 November, or earlier in the more northern localities, and should be removed 

 when fresh pollen and nectar are available. 



"The cellar should be arranged so that the celling is below the frost line. 

 and so that the ceiling and side walls are thoroughly protected at all points. 

 The cellar should be kept so that the lowest temperature within the hives is 

 at least 52°. At this temperature there will be little need of special ventilating 

 arrangements There should be no condensation of moisture within the hi. 

 and the cellar should be well drained." 



Heat insulators for beehives, R. H. Pettit {Michigan sin.. Qumrt, Bui.. 1 

 (1918), No. 1, pp. 20, 21). — Tests made of the comparative value of a number of 

 materials as insulators gave the following results: Dead air space 18, corru- 

 gated cardboard .S3, planer shavings 34.5. mineral wool 85.5, and toresl lea 

 41. Thus it appears that corrugated cardboard, the mosl expensive material 

 used, is the least effective and that ordinary leaves, raked up, dried, and 

 firmly packed, give the best results. A 2-in. layer was tested with each 

 material. 



