1919] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 63 



cent less than in 1916, while that of Diachasma tryoni, D. fullanai/i. and Tetra- 

 stiches giffardianus was 7, 5.2, and 6.6 per cent greater, respectively. 



The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, edited by A. E. 

 Shipley and G. A. K. Makshai.l {London: Taylor d Francis, 1917, pp. XIII + 

 387, pis. 5, figs. 77). — This second part of the Lamellicornia by G. J. Arrow 

 deals with the Rutelinoe, Desmonycinoe, and Euchirinoe and includes descriptions 

 of 403 forms. 



The cherry leaf beetle, F. Z. Hartzell (New York State Sta. Bui. khk 

 {1917), pp. 749-820, pis. 8, figs. 8).— This is a report of studies for three con- 

 secutive seasons, principally at Fredonia in the Lake Erie Valley, N. Y., with 

 Galcrucclla cavicollis, studies of which by Herrick and Matheson (E. S. R., 34, 

 p. 756) and Cushinan and Isley (E. S. R., 35, p. 260) have been previously noted. 



" During 1915 the adults emerged from August 23 to September 18, but during 

 the summer of 1916, which was warmer, the adults appeared in the breeding 

 cages from July 31 to September 2. The adults are rather sluggish, feeding very 

 little during the late summer and fall. By September 15 some show a tendency 

 to seek hibernating quarters, at least on cooler days, although most of the 

 beetles will emerge and feed on warm, sunny days. By October 1 all beetles 

 entered hibernation, from which they did not emerge during the warm weather 

 of early October. 



" The hibernation period of the insect in western New York is nearly eight 

 months, emergence occurring during the latter part of May. In 1916 the first 

 beetles emerged on May 27 at Fredonia. During 1917 at Lily Dale, 8 miles from 

 Fredonia and at an elevation 500 ft. greater, the first beetle emerged on May 30. 

 The time of the appearance of the beetles was about one week after the bird 

 cherry was in full bloom. The most extensive feeding by the adults occurs dur- 

 ing the early part of June. It is at this time that practically all injury by the 

 species to cultivated trees is inflicted. The greatest natural dissemination of the 

 beetles occurs during the latter part of May and early June, when they may 

 fly considerable distances to new feeding grounds. 



" Egg laying in 1916 began on June 5, under natural conditions, and on June 

 10 in observation cages, reaching the maximum in the first week of July and 

 ending in the cages on August 9. The eggs are deposited on or near the trunk of 

 the tree upon which the adults are feeding, usually not more than 6 in. 

 above the surface of the soil, the majority being placed at the junction of the 

 surface of the soil and the trunk. Some of the eggs are scattered loosely on the 

 soil, but most of them are glued to rootlets, small stones, or the tree trunk. 

 They are found to a depth of about 1 in. in the soil. The number of eggs laid 

 in breeding cages by an individual varied from 10 to 294, with an average of 93. 

 The normal life of the beetles appears to vary from 11 to 12.5 months, although 

 some individuals may reach an age of nearly 14 months. 



" The length of the incubation period during 1916 averaged 13 days, with a 

 maximum of 23 days and a minimum of 9 days. These differences are ascribed 

 largely to variation in temperature, although there is individual variation in the 

 incubation period of eggs deposited on the same day. In 1916 hatching began on 

 June 23 and ended August 20, the emerging larvae being most numerous during 

 the latter part of July. 



" Upon hatching, the larvae climb and feed upon foliage. They are able to 

 reach maturity only on the leaves of the bird cherry, and when compelled to 

 subsist on the foilage of other species of cherry they invariably succumbed. The 

 total feeding period of the larva varied from 8 to 24 days, with an average 

 during 1916 of 12.3 days. When the larvae have reached full growth they 

 burrow into the leaf mold or a short distance into the soil and form cells in 

 which to pupate. The time spent in these cells was found to average 15 days, 



