loin] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 457 



logical variety of the codling th is seriously Injuring walnuts in certain 



parts of Simla Barbara and Orange Counties, GaL, and thai the Immediate 

 Inauguration of control measures is necessary to keep it from spreading all over 



southern California, in some orchards where the worm bas i a presenl Dor 



Beveral years fully 60 per cenl of the nuts on the trees arc wormy, and In many 

 groves over 20 per cent of the crop is affected. The damage La gradually In- 

 creaslng from year to year and at the same time the pesl Is spreading Into new 

 territory, many hundreds of acres now being affected and steadily growing 

 worse. The wormy nuts make the worst kind of culls, as they are not only 

 a total loss but are very hard to find in culling. A large amount of extra labor 

 is required, and even then some of the nuts- get by. The profits from a grove 

 50 per cenl infested arc cut almost in half. 



It is pointed out that while the insect in all Stages looks exactly like the 

 codling moth Its occurrence in walnuts shows no connection With apple and pear 

 trees, and Judging from its feeding habits it is a different form from that 

 winch ordinarily attacks these fruits. Its spread into new places has taken 

 place largely by sacks taken from infested orchards or packing houses into 

 uninfested places. It is said that in France and other parts of Europe walnuts 

 are commonly attacked by a similar form of the codling moth. 



A report upon the nut-feeding habits of the codling moth by Foster has been 

 previously noted (E. S. R., L'.'?. p. 760). 



The bean fly. F. Otanks y Quesaxes {PhiUppine Apr., 7 (1918), No. 1. pp. 

 2-27, />/."*. If). — This is a detailed report <>f studies of the Philippine bean fly, 

 described by Malloch in 1916 as Agromt/ZQ destructor (E. S. K., 86, ]>. 658). 

 This [test was first noticed at Los llanos in 1912, in which year it did serious 

 damage to beans under cultivation. It has since proved to be the worst pest 

 of young beans in the vicinity of Los Bafios, sometimes destroying whole fields, 

 and is thought to occur throughout the Philippines. 



The female deposits its eggs, about L'OO in number, in punctures in the leaves 

 of beans, and the resulting maggots are leaf miners at first. In one or two 

 days after hatching they move from the leaves and mine the stalk, in which 

 they work in greater numbers at the base, causing the tissues to decay. The 

 pest is most destructive to kidney beans ami cowpeas, especially from January 

 to April. The Limas and the patani, which belong to th'- same species (Phase- 

 olus luntltut), are the most resistant to it, and are only attacked at the time 

 of the appearance of the first two leaves, its life cycle is said to average 21 

 days. 



Two chalddld parasites, Evrytoma poloni and Paratriaonogastra ttetta, 

 have been reared, the former being the more abundant. It Is thOUghl that 

 spraying for the control of this pest will not prove profitable. It can be more 

 easily and cheaply controlled by cultural methods, 



Oviposition in the celery fly, T. II. Tayxob {Ann. I/*/''- Biol., 5 ( 1918), No. 1. 

 pp. 60. 61. ftg. 1). — A description of the manner in which Tephfites onoporiinis 

 deposits its eggs in the leaf. About six days are required for their incubation. 



Winter hibernation of Anopheles larvae. T. II. 1>. (Jkiihtts i Puh. Health 

 Upts. [l\ 8.1, 33 {191S). No. 46. pp. 1 996-1998)."' -*"Anopheles [A. crucians and 

 A. piinrtijionns. at least) pass the winter in the larval staL'e. This is true for 

 northern Louisiana (for I. cruoions) during a severe winter for that section. 

 Evidence, though less conclusive, shows that t. punctipennia, at least in the 

 larval staL r o. withstands a severe eastern Virginia winter. 



"Apparently pupation does not occur at low temperature or until ordinary 

 room temperature obtains. In selected places considerable numbers of Ano- 

 pheles larvaa pass the wiuter as such. Larvicides should be applied in the fall 



