1910] DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 375 



However, a tendency to bloat was encountered, due, it Is thought, to the 

 alfalfa. A new series of plats was sown with four simpler mixtures in 1916 

 and pastured the next spring with live Holsteia heifers to 12 month! old. 

 The most satisfactory proved to be a mixture of equal parts of brome grass, 

 tall oat grass, and sweet clover, 18 lbs. to the acre. 



Rotation of dairy farm crops, C. E. Thokne {Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 4 {1919), 

 No. 1, pp. 3-8). — The benefits of systematic rotation of crops are set forth, and 

 suggestions made with reference to the requirements on dairy farms. 



The soy bean is suggested as deserving greater attention from the dairyman 

 than it has received, since it is perhaps better adapted for use with corn in 

 the silo than any other legume and has practically the same climatic and 

 seasonal range as corn. It is also pointed out that, because of the lime and 

 phosphorus in milk, dairying is more exhaustive of soil fertility than any 

 other form of live-stock husbandry, and that the drain must be met by restora- 

 tion of these elements in the form of purchased feeds or fertilizers. 



Influence of the Brown Swiss breed in improving the mountain cattle of 

 Roumania, N. Filip {De V Influence de la Race Brume de Suisse sur V Ameliora- 

 tion des Animauw Bovins de Montague en Roumanie. Inung. Diss., Univ. 

 Hem [19141, PP- 85, figs. 3). — The mountain cattle form one of the four races 

 of Roumanian cattle. The cows are small in size, about 117 cm. (3.8 ft.) high 

 at the withers, and produce on an average 1,200 liters of 4.5 per cent milk during 

 a lactation period of seven months. In general appearance they resembte 

 Jerseys. 



The author reports that Brown Swiss were first imported in 1896. Cross- 

 breds show increased height, increased length of body, and Increased girth, 

 and resemble in general color and conformation the Brown Swiss. Cows im- 

 pelled from Switzerland produce about 3,000 liters of milk annually, but 

 pure-bred Swiss born in the mountainous districts of Roumania where feeding 

 conditions are not ideal give on an average 1,785 liters. The average of Swiss 

 grades is little, if at all, lower than this. All these data are based on rather 

 few numbers. 



California State dairy cow competition, 1916-1918, F. W. Woll {Cali- 

 fornia Sta. Bui. 801 {1918), pp. 153-204, fiffs. 20).— A considerable part of this 

 bulletin consists of lists of prizes and prize winners and other details of 

 purely local interest. Ten-month records were completed for 240 cows, 130 

 of which were grades. The competition was conducted as in the original 

 announcement (E. S. R., 35, p. 674), except that it was impossible to secure 

 complete feeding records owing to war conditions and labor shortage. How- 

 ever, statements from a number of prize winners as to methods of feeding 

 their herds are Included. An appendix gives the age, breeding, pounds of milk, 

 amount and percentage of butter fat, and the butter fat credit of each individual 

 entrant, and a table shows the average change in production with advance of 

 lactation. The high production of certain grade herds that had long been 

 members of a cow testing association indicates the value of the persistent 

 culling which these associations tend to bring about. 



How to determine the cost of milk {Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 3 {19 IS). No. 12. pp. 

 363-366; 4 {1919), No. 1. pp. 17-21, fig. I).— Tins is an outline of cost account- 

 ing designed for the use of the individual dairy farmer and is followed by a 

 summary of costs of milk production on 33 Ohio farms. In these summaries 

 all charges, except feed and labor, are given as percentages of the value of a 

 cow (assumed not pure-bred). These total 27.8 per cent and. with the annual 

 <1 mrge for horse labor per cow, roughly balance the value of a calf and the 

 10 tons of manure that the cow is assumed to produce yearly. On the average a 

 cow was on pasture 187 days a year, but received additional feed during this 



