364 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.40 



that a diet of pasteurized milk induces scurvy In infants unless some anti- 

 scorbutic food, as orange juice or potato water, is also given. 



The antiscorbutic factors in lemon juice, A. Harden and S. S. Zilva 

 (Biochem. Jour., 12 (1918), Xo. S, pp. 259-269, figs. 5). — The liquid obtained 

 after precipitation of the citric and other organic acids from lemon juice has 

 been found by the authors to contain the greater part, if not the whole, of 

 the antiscorbutic content of the lemon juice. The potency of the treated juice 

 was lessened by Btoring in the cold for about a fortnight, and was increased 

 by evaporation to dryness in an acid medium. 



Potent doses of the treated juice when given subcutaneously failed to arrest 

 the progress Of scurvy in guinea pigs, and the administration of very concen- 

 trated doses previous to depriving guinea pigs of the antiscorbutic factor did 

 not prevent or delay the onset of scurvy. 



The effect of alcoholic intoxication on catalase, YV. E. BUBOI (Amer. Jour. 

 Physiol., .',.', (1911). So. 1, pp. 51-41, fin. /». — The Introduction of alcohol into 

 the stomach of dogs was found to increase greatly the catalase of the blood, 

 while the Introduction of alcohol directly into the vascular system decreased 

 the catalase of the blood. This decrease is considered to he due to the destruc- 

 tion of the catalase by the alcohol, and leads to the assumption that in so far 

 as the absorption Of alcohol from the alimentary tract produces an increase in 

 the catalase of the blood, resulting presumably in an increase in oxidation. 

 just BO far alcohol exerts a stimulating effect, while in so far as the accumu- 

 lation of alcohol in blood in prolonged intoxication or its introduction directly 

 into the blood destroys catalase, just so far alcohol exerts a depressing effect. 



Reason for the helpful effect of alcoholic beverages in diabetes, states of 

 depression, and convalescence, W. E. I'.liu.e (Science, n. v.;., .',s {1918), A". 

 / .'{.9, pp. 827, 828). — The administration of alcohol to normal dogs and to dogs 

 rendered diabetic by the removal of the pancreas led to an increase in the cata- 

 lase of the h! I. It is also stated that the blood from the liver was richer In 



catalase by from 10 to 15 per cent than the blood from any other part of the 

 body. 



The conclusion is drawn that "the administration of alcohol to diabetics is 

 helpful because it stimulates the liver to an increased output of catalase, which 

 is carried by the blood lo the tissues, w here it facilitates the oxidative processes 

 with resulting Increased oxidation of sugar and decreased acidosis." 



The role of catalase in " shock," \V. E. BUBOJE and A. .1. Nkii.i. {Amer. Jour. 

 Physiol., i> (1918), No. S, pp. 186 293, figs. 2).— Essentially the data noted in 

 the above article and from another source (E. S. R., 38, p. 870). 



The mode of action of food in increasing oxidation, YV. E. Bikge, A. J. 

 Neill, and U. Ashman (Amer. Jour, PhysioL, 45 (1918), Xo. 4- PP- 500-506, 

 fiiis. :?). — Continuing the investigations on catalase, the effect of ingestion of 

 food on the catalase content of the blood and tissues was determined hy ex- 

 periments upon dogs. The results indicate that food increases the catalase of 

 the blood and hence of the tissues parallel with the increase produced in 

 oxidation. 



To explain this increase in catalase. alcohol was used as a stimulant to cata- 

 lase activity in normal dogs and in dogs in which the liver, pancnas. spleen, or 

 other organs had been extirpated. From the results obtained it is coucluded 

 that alcohol, and probably food in a like maimer, increases the catalase of the 

 blood by Stimulating the pancreas, the spleen, the gastric and intestinal glands, 

 and particularly the liver, to an Increased output of catalase and in this way 

 causes an increase in oxidation. 



