1919] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 355 



" Weather conditions are of much Importance in the natural control of the 

 clover aphis. A fungus parasite caused the wholesale destruction of the clover 

 aphis in June, 1918. 



" Close pasturing of red clover and alsike fields during fall, winter, and 

 early spring is the most effective control for the clover aphis that can at 

 present be recommended. Grazing during spring and early summer, or close 

 grazing after the hay crop has been removed, will greatly aid in preventing 

 the aphis from becoming injurious to the red clover seed crop. The aphis can 

 be destroyed by completely submerging clover fields. Aphids can be largely 

 prevented from laying their eggs on apple and pear trees in the fall by the 

 close grazing of the clover cover crops in apple and pear orchards during the 

 early part of September. Volunteer clover plants serve as hibernating places 

 for overwintering aphids, and may prove to be Important sources of infestation 

 for nearby clover fields. Such plants and scattered patches of clover should be 

 grazed close or destroyed. Spraying promises to be an effective control for the 

 clover aphis in alsike clover fields." 



The tobacco aphis, G. M. Henet (Trop. Agr. [Ceylon], 51 (1918, No. 1. 

 pp. 51, 52, figs. S). — The author records a widespread outbreak of an aphid 

 on tobacco in Jaffna and Mullaittivu during February and March, 1918, 

 the outbreak in Jaffna having been first observed in October. 1917. In some 

 places the crop had to be entirely replanted. A tobacco wash that gave satis- 

 factory control consisted of 1 lb. of tobacco refuse boiled in 6 gal. of water 

 in which 1 lb. of soap was dissolved. 



A new genus and species of aphid, H. F. Wilson and J. J. Davis (Ent. 

 News, SO (1919), No. 2, pp. 39, 40). — An aphid collected on choke cherry 

 (Primus serotina) at Portage, Madison, and Prairie du Chien, Wis., is described 

 as Asiphonaphis pruni n. g. and n. sp. 



The Coccidse of Cuba, J. S. Houser (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 11 (1918), No. 2, 

 pp. 157-172, pi. 1). — The author reports upon studies of 368 lots of material 

 examined which yielded 36 species and 3 subspecies, of which one species, 

 namely, Aspidiotus fabemii, and a subspecies, A. subsimilis anonw, are de- 

 scribed as new. 



A note on the life cycle and fertility of the body louse (Pediculus cor- 

 poris), R. H. Hutchinson (Jour. Econ. Ent., 11 (1918), No. 5, pp. 404-406).— 

 At a temperature of 30 to 33° C. eggs hatched in 7 days. The larva?, when 

 placed on a small piece of dark serge cloth in a pill box applied to the arm, 

 required 3 days for the development of the first stage, 2 days for the second, 

 and 3 days for the third, or a total of 8 days from emergence to adult. The 

 period from deposition of the eggs to final molt was 15 days, and from egg to 

 egg 16 days. A single female kept in the wristlet deposited 276 eggs within 

 a period of 25 days, an average of 11 eggs per day and a maximum of 14 

 eggs in 24 hours. 



Extended studies by Nuttall have previously been noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 765). 



The effect of laundering' upon lice (Pediculus corporis) and their eggs, 

 W. Moore (Jour. Parasitology, 5 (1918), No. 2, pp. 61-68).— This is a report of 

 studies conducted at the Minnesota Experiment Station at the suggestion and 

 with the support of the medical division of the National Research Council. 



" These experiments show the lethal temperature for lice is about 113° F. 

 (45° C.) for 22 to 30 minute washings, and a slightly higher temperature 

 (114.5°) proved effective in 15 minutes' time. . . . 



"Considering the data presented, the following procedure is recommended 

 for the laundering of woolen goods to destroy both lice and eggs: Infested gar- 

 ments to be washed at a temperature of 120°, not to fall below 115° during 

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