1910] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 181 



"Intermittent freezing of bacteria exerts a more effective germicidal ; i « ■ t i « » n 

 than continuous freezing. The reduction is much less in milk and cream than 

 in pure tap water when freezing temperatures arc applied, due, no doubt) to 

 physical protection offered to the bacteria by the colloidal and solid mailer 

 in suspension. The degree of cold below freezing is not a very Important 

 factor in the destruction of bacteria. There is no critical temperature below 

 freezing where the germicidal effect is greatly accelerated. Tin- death rate of 

 li'icillus con is much higher in media which are frozen solid than it is in the 

 same media not solid and at a slightly lower temperature. 



" Crystallization, probably resulting in mechanical crushing, is an important 

 germicidal (actor in causing the death of bacteria at 0° C. and below. The 

 greatest reduction occurs promptly upon freezing and refreezing, bu( is not 

 caused so much by the sudden change in temperature as by this mechanical 

 factor." 



A bibliography of 20 titles is Included. 



The chloramin antiseptics and disinfectants, N. S. Mayo (■Jour. Amcr. ^'et. 

 Mol. A880&, ■'>', (HUSK Xo. 2, pp. 139-144). — A brief discussion is given of the 

 chlorln-contalnlng antiseptics. It has been the observation of the author that 

 in badly Infected wounds or those discharging considerable pus the aqueous 

 solutions used freely and frequently give the better results, while in wounds 

 where the oil solution can be applied directly to the infected surface, or where 

 it is desired to close a wound immediately, dichloramin-T in chlorcosane is 

 preferable. 



The use of dichloramin-T in veterinary practice, C. P. FiTcn, W. L. Boyd. 

 and W. A. Billings (Cornell Yet.. 8 (1018), Xo. .',. pp. 292-296).— Case reports 

 are given of the successful use at the Minnesota Experiment Station of dichlor- 

 ainrn-T as an antiseptic in the treatment of navel ill of a colt, suppurative 

 pododermatitis, suppurative arthritis, and empyemia of facial sinuses. 



The use of dichloramin-T in the treatment of infections and infected 

 wounds, W. B. Lee and YV. H. Ftrness (Surg., Gynecol., ami Obstet., 26 (1918), 

 Xo. .!. pp. 155-159; aba. in Aba. Boot., 2 (1918). Xo. 2, p. SO).— The advantages 

 of dichloramin-T over the original Dakin's solution are explained, and results 

 are summarized of its use in the treatment of G.02S civil cases and 1,200 cat 

 of war wounds. It is stated that the results obtained with it have been as 

 good as those obtained when using the Dakin hypochlorite solutions with the 

 complicated Carrel technique. 



Among the suggested advantages in the use of dichloramin-T, as pointed out 

 by the authors, are (1) that skin irritation will not occur if the wounds are 

 not covered with thick occlusive gauze; (2) that the small amount of exudate 

 from wounds treated with it makes it practical to use thin dressings; (3) that, 

 unlike the aqueous hypochlorite solution, it has no disintegrating effect upon 

 catgut, thus diminishing the tendency to secondary hemorrhages; and (4) that 

 it is an excellent deodorant. 



The use of dichloramin-T in the prevention and control of surgical infec- 

 tion. W. E. Lb and W. H. Furness (Jour. Amer. Med. Assoe., 71 (191S), Xo. 

 11. pp. 873-875).— Essentially noted above. 



Treatment of infections and infected wounds with dichloramin-T, W. E. 

 Lee and W. H. Furness (Military Surg.. 43 (1918), No. 3. pp. 312-31,1; abs. in 

 Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., 71 (1918), No. 16, p. ISM). — This is a more detailed 

 discussion of the subject noted above. 



Remarks on dichloramin-T, E. K. Dunham (Sura.. Gunceoh, and Obsti t.. 26 

 (1918), No. 2, pp. 152-155, fig. 1; abs. in Abs. Bad., 2 (1918), No. 2, pp. 79, 80).— 

 This is a brief survey of the subject of the antiseptic treatment of wounds 



