1919] FORESTRY. 447 



presence of fine crystals, but the crystals may occur to gome degree in orani 

 which show do desiccation. The drying <>nt of the pulp la made the basts of the 



i. 'sis adopted by the Horticultural Commissi »r the State <>f California nnd 



by the U. s. Department <>f Agriculture, DeslccatioD Incident t<» froel injury 

 can be accelerated by holding the fruH at elevated temperatures. 



Sound fruit when stored :it ordinary temperatures was found to gain In 

 Bpedflc gravity, whereas the specific gravity of frozen fruit will diminish In 



Btorage. Inasmuch as these changes can be noticed fr daj today it Is believed 



possible t<> develop a laboratory method of detecting frost injury on the basis <>f 



the increasing or diminishing specific gravity of Individual fruit of the samples. 



Alter the freeze in California in 1913, F. Chase devised a water separator 

 which depended upon the difference between the specific gravity of frozen anil 

 unfrozen fruit. Separators of this type are now in common use in California 

 Experiments were conducted by Denny with a number of these separators in 

 1!>17 to determine their efficiency. When the fruit was separated into two 

 classes, first grade and culls, there was an average efficiency of 85 per cent for 

 first-grade fruit and of 70 per cent for cull fruit. An attempt to separate the 

 fruit into three grades gave very poor results for the second grade. The ma- 

 chines were found to vary widely, owing to the different methods of operation. 



The specific gravity of certain frosted oranges may at times be greater than 

 of certain sound oranges, hence frequent samples should be taken of the fruit 

 and the skimming devices regulated with care. Some work was conducted In 

 pre-sizing the fruit before separation, but the results thus far secured are not 

 conclusive as to the value of pre-sizing. 



Trees, their use and abuse, J. B. Berry (/?»/. Ga. State Col. Agr., No. t6t 

 (1919), pp. 19, figs. IS). — Suggestions are given for the selection, planting, pro- 

 ted ion, and care of street, roadside, and farm trees. 



Trees and shrubs on the farm, O. B. WHIPPLE and C. C. Starling (Montana 

 Sta. Giro. 78 (1918), pp. 88). — This circular contains practical suggestions for 

 planning the home grounds and the planting of trees and shrubs, both for orna- 

 mental purposes and as windbreaks. A descriptive list Is given of desirable 

 shrubs and trees. Although the circular is intended primarily for nonirrigated 

 farms, many of the suggestions are applicable also to Irrigated farms, and spe- 

 cial advice is given for those who use irrigation water. 



Seaside planting for shelter, ornament, and profit, A. D. Websteb (London: 

 T. Fisher I nuiii, Ltd., 1918, pp. 156, pis. 32). — A treatise on seaside planting with 

 special reference to British conditions. The successive chapters discuss sand 

 dunes and coast erosion, preparation of the ground and planting, tree growth 

 around the coast, trees for seaside planting, shrubs for seaside planting, climb- 

 ing and wall plants for the seaside, alpine and herbaceous plants for the sea 

 coast, native seaside plants, cost of seaside planting, returns from seaside plant- 

 ing, insects and fungi injurious to seaside trees, and choice of trees ami shrubs. 



Bud variation in dahlias, A. D. Sh amki. (Jour. Heredity, 9 {1918), So. 8, 

 pp. 862-86'). figs. 2). — The author states that according to a recent inquiry 

 among southern California dahlia growers striking bud variations in dahlia 

 plants propagated from cuttings are of common and frequent occurrence. A bud 

 variation of this type observed by the author is here illustrated and described. 



FORESTRY. 



National Forest areas (U. 8. Dept. t or.. Forest 8erv., 191$. pp. 8, fig. t). — 



A statistical report OH National Forest areas, national monuments, national 

 game preserves, and lands acquired in the White and Appalachian Mountains 



