148 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 40 



Japanese and French variety of edible podded peas the Fi progeny yielded hard 

 inedible pods. There was a splitting up into hard and soft pods in the F« 

 progeny in the ratio of about 9 : 7. Soft F s pods bred true to type in F». The 

 hard F 2 pods yielded a few homozygous hards in Fs, but for the most part 

 split in one way or the other into heterozygous individuals. From the results 

 thus far secured, the author concludes that the development of hard pod from 

 two edible pod parents is due to two complementary factors. 



Regulating the bearing habit of fruit trees, J. C. Whitten (Minn. Hort., 

 47 (1919), A'o. 1, pp. 23-25). — In this paper the author briefly discusses cul- 

 tural practices which are known to have some Influence in regulating the bear- 

 ing habit of fruit trees. 



Influence of low temperature on fruit growing in New York State, W. 11. 

 Chandler (Proc. N. Y. State Fruit Grower? Amoc, 17 (191S\, pp. 18G-19.' f \. — 

 A popular review of the knowledge relative to the killing of buds. wood, flowers* 

 and young fruit by low temperature, with special reference to New York State 

 conditions. 



Report on tests of self-sterility in plums, cherries, and apples at the John 

 Innes Horticultural Institution, Ida Sutton {Jour. Gent tic*. 7 (1918k A 

 pp. 281-306, ph. 2). — In continuation of previous reports by Backhouse (E. S. 

 R., 28, p. 237), this report summarizes the results of self-sterile studies in 

 plums, cherries, and apples conducted by various investigators at the John 

 Innes Horticultural Institution since 1011. Tabular data are given showing the 

 results of fertilizing individual varieties with various other varieties, together 

 with a summarized list of plums, cherries, and apples shown to be self-sterile, 

 partly self-fertile, or self-fertile. A short bibliography of related literature is 

 included. 



The work as a whole shows that many important commercial varieties set 

 little or no fruit unless cross-pollinated. Pollinizers must be planted with 

 these self-sterile kinds, and provided that a variety produces plenty of pollen 

 and flowers simultaneously with the variety which it is intended to pollinate, 

 any variety, at least with plums and apples, appears to be suitable for this 

 purpose. An exception to this was noted in the case of Coe Golden Drop and 

 related varieties of plums, which did not set fruit well even when cross- 

 pollinated with a number of other varieties, thus indicating cross-incompati- 

 bility. 



No deiinite conclusions are derived from the work with cherries, which was 

 not carried on to such a large extent as with apples and plums. Some records 

 of failures with certain pollen, however, suggested that incompatibility may 

 exist among certain varieties of cherries also. 



Minnesota State Fruit-Breeding Farm in 1918, C. Hakalson (Minn. H<>rt.. 

 47 (1919), NO. 1, pp. 1-4. Pi- 1< flO s - 2). — A brief report on progress made in 

 breeding and testing hardy fruits, including plums, apples, strawberries, rasp* 

 berries, blackberries, gooseberries, and grapes. 



Influence of orchard soil management on fruit bud development and 

 formation as found in the apple, H. S. Kikby (1'roc. Ioica Acad. Sri.. 2' t (1917). 

 pp. 447, 448). — A brief progress report on a study being conducted at the Iowa 

 Experiment Station to determine what influence the different methods of soil 

 management would have on fruit bud formation and development. 



No definite conclusions are derived from the work at this time. Observations 

 thus far made, however, indicate that the time of flower bud differentiation is 

 somewhat earlier on heavy sod land than under cover crop or .lean tillage 

 conditions. Flower and leaf buds started to differentiate as early as July 1 

 and continued to differentiate to September lo, but by far the largest per- 



