1919] 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



191 



plugs, development of the manifold, particularly with reference to the hot- 

 spot principle, carbureter development providing for quickly changing to a 



lighter fuel to take care of over-load and throttling conditions, and engine 

 design, with special reference to cooling and elimination of moving parts. 



Adaptation of carbureters to low volatile fuels, J. n. V. Finney (Gas 

 Engine, 20 (1918), No. 5, pp. 220-227, figs. 2).— This is a brief report of results 

 of numerous tests made in the laboratory and under service conditions' of 

 commercial carbureters with a view to the development of a carbureter adapted 

 to the use of low volatile fuels, particularly heavy distillate. 



It was found that with low volatile fuels an efficient carbureter must offer 

 a minimum resistance to the suction of the engine and should take in the 

 charge at a comparatively low temperature. It should break up the particles 

 of fuel so line that it is all vaporized before ignition takes place. It was also 

 found that a carbureter which will enable a gas engine to use the less volatile 

 fuels, probably for use in tractors or automobiles, should fulfill the same 

 requirements as a carbureter for gasoline. 



It is concluded that the charge should go to the engine as cool as possible 

 and that the heat necessary to vaporize the fuel should be applied to the fuel 

 only, the vapor being mixed with comparatively cool air. 



A discussion of the fundamental principles of the carbureter is also given, 

 and as a result of the experiments a vaporizer was developed which was found 

 to be satisfactory in service. This carbureter is described. 



Antifreeze solutions, C. T. Schaefer (Gas Engine, 20 (1918), No. 1, pp. 39- 

 Jfl). — Data are given showing the properties of various mixtures of alcohol, 

 glycerin, and calcium chlorid for antifreezing and cooling solutions to be used 

 in gas engines. The following table summarizes some of these data : 



Antifreezing solutions and their freezing points. 



Potato storage cellars, Minidoka project, H. L. Crawford (Reclnm. Rec. 

 [U. S.], 9 (1918), No. 11, pp. 524, 525).— A brief description is given of a type 

 of potato cellar which has been built for the use of farmers on the Minidoka 

 project. The walls are built of concrete, reinforced with steel at the corners and 

 over the doorways. The roof consists of wire netting laid on rafters and cov- 

 ered with a compacted layer of*straw. This in turn is covered with about 1 ft. 

 of earth. A makeshift cellar for speedy construction on account of danger to 

 unstored crops was roofed with 1 in. lumber covered with tar paper with walls 

 of the same material. 



A form of contract for the construction of these cellars is included. 



