1019] HAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 473 



Licensed stallions in Utah during the season of 1918, \V. ES. Cabboij {Utah 

 Sta. Giro. 85 (1918), pp. 3-24).— Tbia is the customary list, of licensed stalllona 

 and jacks arranged by counties. 



Feeding 1 [the backyard poultry flock], W. F. SCHOPPI (Montana Sta. ' 

 79 (1918), pp. 30-32).— Brief suggestions nro given. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Farm profits and factors influencing farm profits on 460 dairy farms In 

 Sussex County, N. J., F. Ai>p (New Jersey Sta*. Bui SSO {1917), pp. 7-108, j>U. 

 3, figs. 7). — Sussex County is on the northern boundary of New Jersey, and lias 

 been on agricultural settlement since its settlement. It is a Datura] grass 

 country, too stony Id places for cultivation. Formerly it produced considerable 

 quantities of grain and a large amount of butter. With Improved transporta- 

 tion, dairy activities have changed from butter-making to production of market 

 milk, of which 18,000,000 gal. were sold in 1910. The milk is shipped to the 

 New York City district and Is mostly of grades B and C. The crops of this 

 area are largely those raised for forage to feed dairy cattle. Most of the neces- 

 sary concentrates are purchased. The cows are mainly grade Holsteins. 



The survey reported in this bulletin was conducted during the 12 months 

 Of 1914, a year in which the milk situation is considered to have been normal, 

 and covered .■'>"<> farms operated by their owners and 1G0 operated by tenants. 

 of the hitter, :>."> were share tenants, G5 cash tenants, and 21 labor-share tenants. 

 The farms are all highly specialized for milk production. In the owner farms, 

 the milk receipts averaged $2,100, while the crop receipts were only $123. 

 In the tenant farms the disproportion was still greater. The average produc- 

 tion on the owner farms was 3,072 qt. of milk per cow and on the tenant 

 farms 3,136 qt. The State average at the time was 2.0S8 qt. Nearly 25 per 

 cent of the capital was invested in live stock. 



The factors whose influence on profits is investigated include land tenure, 

 capital per farm. Dumber of crop acres per farm and per cow, relative crop 

 yield (crop index), number of cows per farm, production per cow, proportion 

 of receipts from live stock, percentage of crop acres in hay, corn, small grains, 

 and fruit, acres of pasture per cow, number of chickens kept, possession of a 

 silo, and the distance from the railroad. In an elaborate series of tables the 

 mutual relations of practically all of these are considered, as well as the rela- 

 tions of each to labor income, inventory value of lands, buildings and stock, 

 work units per man and per horse, total expenses, labor expenses, receipts per 

 farm, etc. Tables do not give averages alone, hut in every instance show the 

 influence of change in one factor of the variables considered in relation to it. 

 The chief measure of success is taken to be the operator's labor income, and 

 for each of the more important factors there is a table showing essentially the 

 correlation between the factor and the labor income. The investigation thus 

 treats the farm business as a unit and does not deal with dairying as a sepa- 

 rate enterprise, except in one section devoted to the cost of milk production. 



In the author's judgment, the major factors of success on these farms are in 

 the order of their importance milk production per cow, number of cows per herd, 

 and crop acreage per farm. Owner farms of good and better than the average 

 in respect to all three of these produced an average labor income of .$1,270. 

 Those deficient in any one item produced a labor income of $565. Those below 

 the average in two, netted $3G9. and those below in all three $8. The corre- 

 sponding figures for the tenant farms are $1,2G3, $661, $462, and $173, respec- 

 tively. 



