1919] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 289 



horses. It is the most suitable method of testing with malleln In war times 

 or when large numbers of animals must be speedily tested, if the local reac- 

 tion alone is considered, a large number of horses may be examined in a short 

 period of time." 



Observations on epizootic lymphangitis, Capmai; (Bui. 8oc. Cent. MM. 

 V4t., V4 (1918), No. 16-18, pp. 837-860).— A comparative study is reported of the 

 Belln method of autopyovaccination (E. S. R., 38, p. 587) and the Vein method 

 of pyovacclnation (E. S. R.. 38, p. ~>87) in the treatment of epizootic lymphan- 

 gitis. In the technique of both methods the author recommends as thorough 

 a removal as possible of the infected tissue before the injection of the pyovac- 

 cine. 



The conclusion is drawn that, while excellent results can be obtained with 

 both methods, the nutopyovacclne appears to have no advantage over the 

 pyovaecine, and to have as disadvantages the difficulty of procuring sufficient 

 pus to make the necessary amount of vaccine and the danger of abscesses at the 

 point of Inoculation. 



Slight modifications of the Vein method are outlined, and the necessity of 

 certain precautions is pointed out. It is suggested that the reactions obtained 

 with pyovaecine are not reactions of immunity but rather of phagocytosis. 



Antiparatyphoid B vaccination with sensitized virus, A. Besreuka and S. 

 Basseches (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 32 (1918), No. ■',. pp. 193-201; abs. in Chem. 

 Abs., 12 (1918). No. 22, p. 2362).— A study is reported of the relative value of 

 different methods of vaccination with paratyphoid bacilli, using mice as experi- 

 mental animals. The following vaccines were used: Living and dead non- 

 sensitized paratyphoid bacilli, living and dead bacilli in the presence of vari- 

 able amounts of antiparatyphoid serum, and living sensitized bacilli. The vari- 

 ous preparations were introduced subcutaneously in one series of experiments 

 and orally in another series. From the results obtained the following conclu- 

 sions are drawn : 



Vaccination with living paratyphoid bacilli confers immunity only after 

 several days. On account of the virulence considerable risk is Involved in its 

 use. Vaccination with killed bacilli confers immunity after four or five days, 

 but the vaccine has a marked toxic power. Vaccination with living sensitized 

 bacilli confers immunity on the following day, and the vaccine is neither toxic 

 nor virulent. The presence of serum, even in traces only, renders immunity by 

 vaccination passive instead of active. Immunity following ingestion of the 

 bacilli Is established very slowly and i.s lasting only in the case of living 

 organisms. 



A study of the agglutination and complement fixation tests with equine 

 paratyphoid bacillus in horses with typhoid infections, R. ConnE.s (Compt. 

 Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 81 (1918), A T o. 6. pp. 2S8-291; abs. in Yet. Rev., 2 

 (1918), No. 3. p. 303). — Continuing investigations previously noted (E. S. R.. 

 39, p. 392), the author reports a study to determine whether, in the blood of 

 horses and mules infected with the equine paratyphoid bacillus, corresponding 

 antibodies are produced. 



A study of the agglutination and complement fixation reactions showed that 

 the serum of horses infected by the equine paratyphoid bacillus had agglutinat- 

 ing power for the bacillus in dilutions up to 1 : 4,000, while in all other cases 

 agglutination did not take place at a dilution of more than 1 : 100. 



The author concludes that by means of serum diagnosis it would be possible 

 in cases of equine influenza to determine those cases in which the infection is 

 due to the equine paratyphoid bacillus and those in which this organism is 

 absent. 



