252 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 40 



gall (Pseudomonas tumefaciens), oak root fungus (Armillaria mcllea), and 

 scab (Yenturia pyrina), as regards distribution, progress, and control. 



Pear blight epidemic in mountain counties, G. P. Weldon (Mo. Bui. Cal. 

 Com. Uort., 7 (1918), No. 7, p. 459).— It is stated that pear blight was very 

 severe during this season in some places where it was scarcely known previ- 

 ously. It was reported as spreading through orchards generally in Nevada, 

 Placer, Eldorado, and Butte Counties. 



Studies on grape downy mildew, L. Ravaz (Ann. Eeole Nat. Agr. Mont- 

 pellier, n. ser., 15 (1917), No. 4, pp. 290S2S, figs. 5). — The author gives an ac- 

 count of studies and observations conducted since 1914 on the treatment of 

 grape downy mildew. 



The various methods proposed for the preparation of Burgundy mixture do 

 not appear to possess any advantages over the standard procedure. The pres- 

 ence of carbon dioxid favors the production of changes in the precipitate which 

 are advantageous. Neutral and alkaline Bordeaux mixture are about equally 

 efficacious, the acid preparation being Inferior to both. Inadequately prepared 

 lime may burn the foliage. 



Other sprays, singly or combined, gave Insufficient or Inconclusive results. 

 Copper powders were almost completely protective against both mildew and 

 Oldium. Recent studies show the Importance of temperature and of precipita- 

 tion in relation to mildew development and treatment for that disease. 



Spoilage of cranberries after picking, C. L. Shear (Proc. Amer. Cranberry 

 Growers' Assoc., 48 (1917), pp. 6-9). — Experimentation extending over several 

 years is said to show that about one-half the loss of berries after picking is 

 due to fungi which develop in the fruit, causing one or more destructive storage 

 rots, the most frequent and important of these during recent years being early 

 rot (scald), bitter rot, and end rot. Other causes are freezing and premature 

 death of the fruit caused by rapid ripening or suffocation, the latter of 

 which is discussed in connection with preventive measures. See also a previous 

 abstract (E. S. R., 39, p. 749). 



Cacao diseases, G. d'Utka (Bol. Agr. [Sao Paulo], 18. ser., No. 9 (1917), pp. 

 698-711). — The diseases here discussed include brown rot (Phutophthora 

 fabcri) ; a root, fruit, and shoot disease due to Lasiodiplodia thcohromcr; a 

 canker possibly different from that caused by Weotria theobroma; in Central 

 America; and a root rot which is associated with the presence of several 

 fungi. 



[Diseases of coffee], T. Wurth (Meded. Pmefstat. Malang, No. 22 (1918). pp. 

 18-20). — In connection with brief Statements regarding animal parasites, in- 

 cluding nematodes, the author notes the occurrence of brown rot fungus of 

 coffee and white threads on the roots of the plantlets. 



Sclerotium disease of Liberia coffee in Surinam. G. Stahel (Mcdcd. I 

 Landb. Surinanie, No. IS [1918], pp. 2). — This coffee disease, which has been 

 discussed in connection with Corcniium sp. by Kuyper (E. S. R, 30, p. 750) 

 and which has become serious since 1917, Is briefly described herein as 

 regards its developmental phases In relation to weather conditions. 



Disease control and forest management, F. H. Mielen (Jour. Forestry, 15 

 (1917), No. 8, pp. 974-977). — Concluding a brief discussion, the author states 

 that combining disease control with intensive forest management calls for an 

 adjustment of the rotation, cutting cycle, and marking rules in such ways as, 

 in the case of enphytotics, to control disease by sanitation measures and by 

 limiting the felling age so as to minimize loss, and in the case of epiphytotics, 

 to institute sanitation cuttings or damage cuttings, or both, employing also 

 sueli Bilvicultural measures as the substitution of Immune or more resistant 

 species. 



