476 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.40 



Six 10-gal. cans were used to study methods of holding and transporting milk. 

 Insulated cans (kind of insulation not mentioned) held milk at a low tem- 

 perature considerably longer than any of the other kinds. The can covered 

 with a 1 in. jacket of felt held milk cool as long as a can with an ice compart- 

 ment and several times as long as a plain can. The same cans filled with milk 

 cooled below 45° F. were sent on long railroad journeys, from Washington, 

 D. C, to New Orleans and from Chicago to Washington. Temperature changes 

 in the milk were noted at frequent intervals. The results are shown graphi- 

 cally in a series of charts. The insulated and felt covered cans were the most 

 satisfactory in retaining a low temperature. 



Survival of typhoid bacilli in sour milk, PENELOPE Marsh (Amer. Jour. 

 Pub. Health, 8 (1918), No. 8. pp. 590-598).— Teats indicate that B. typhosus is 

 sensitive to acidity and is usually destroyed In milk in a short time at about 

 the degree of acidity occurring in fresh buttermilk as obtained in the New York 

 market. Buttermilk would seem to be free of danger as a means of distributing 

 B. typhosus or paratyphOSUS or II. &ysenteri<B in the ordinary course of events. 



The economical use of fuel in milk plants and creameries, J. T. Rowkn 

 (V. S. Dept. Ayr. Bui. 7-$7 (1!>19), pp. .',7, ftps. U).— The continued high price of 

 coal makes the efficient use of fuel in commercial plants a matter of great 

 Importance. This bulletin pro-ents material dealing with fuel efficiency in 

 creameries collected by the I "airy Division of the l". s. Department of Agricul- 

 ture, ami Includes a study of conditions in 206 Creameries where steam is used 

 exclusively for both power and heating. These plants were visited and informa- 

 tion secured on the quantity of butter made, kind and amount of fuel, size and 

 type of boiler and engine, methods of tiring, and condition of engine, piping, and 

 all steam apparatus. These data are used as a basis for definite recommenda- 

 tions, instructions for the building of boiler settings and furnaces are given in 

 detail, together with Illustrations and diagrams and tables of dimensions. Sug- 

 gestions as to methods of Bring furnaces and the elimination of air leaks and 

 heat l0SS( a from hare pipes ate given. The author recommends the more < 

 tended use of exhaust steam instead of live steam for heating wash water and 

 for pasteurization, and provides Beveral diagrams showing how exhaust steam 

 can be successfully utilized. 



The final section deals with the distribution of beat energy from combustion 

 of coal in the boiler furnace of an average gathered-creatn plant making approx- 

 imately 500,000 lbs. of butter per year. It is shown that in such a plant only 8l8 

 per cent of the total heat units are actually consumed in useful work, and planet 

 are presented by the use of which the heat loss in such a plant would be so 

 reduced that less than •"" per cent of the original heat units would be necessary. 



Twelfth annual conference of the American Dairy Science Association 

 (Jour. Dairy Sri., I {1918), NO. >-. pp- 575-+f5, fuj. I).— This conference was held 

 at Columbus, Ohio, October 22, 1917. Reports submitted by chairmen of live 

 committees are published, together with notes of the discussions that occurred 

 after the reports were read. These were as follows: Legal Limits for Butter, 

 by B. D. White; Bacteriological Methods for Market Milk Analysis, by R. S. 

 Breed; State and National Brands foe Butter and Cheese, by M. Mortensen; 

 Dairy Farm Score Card, by E. Kelly; and Statistics of Production and .Market 

 ing of Dairy Products, by R. C. Potts. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Observations and experiments on intestinal trichinae. P.. ScHWABTI (Jnur. 

 Ayr. h't search [U. S.], 15 (1918), Xo. 8, pp. 467-482, flys. 3).— This is a report 



