1919] RURAL ECONOMICS. }->•"> 



the elevation of the land surface, in a part of iho sand-dune nrea the ground 

 water comes to the surface In many springs, and In a large DRTl Of the ana 



water is less than BO ft. below the surface. ThTOUghoUl DJUCb of the sandy 

 country in the south-central part of the basin the water ranges from BO to 

 100 ft., and from 100 to 150 ft. in the west -central part. 



It is concluded in general that the quantity of water underlying the valley 

 is large, but that the annual intake of water is not more than 24,000 acre-feet 

 The Quantity which can safely be pumped annually is less than this amount, 

 and conditions indicate that it will be impossible to irrigate the entire basin 

 with water obtained from this source. It is considered unwise at present to 

 increase the area to be irrigated by underground water by more than a few 

 thousand acres. 



Analyses of 18 ground waters and 6 surface waters indicate a very favorable 

 condition of the ground waters. Of the ground waters, 11 of the samples are 

 Classed as good and 2 as fair for irrigation. Most of the waters are good or 

 fair for domestic use, but two are classed as bad. 



Public Roads (V. 8. Dept, Agr., Public Roads, 1 (1918), No. 6-8, pp. ft pi. /. 

 //</.*. SO). — This number of this periodical contains a tribute by A. I >. Williams 

 to the late Logan Waller Page, director of the Bureau of Public Roads, several 

 articles of rather general interest to highway engineers, and the usual data 

 as to the Federal and road projects. 



A poultry house for the backyard. YV. V. ScHOPP? [Montana Sta. Ore, 79 

 (1918), pp. 25-80, figs. 2). — The small poultry house here described and dia- 

 grammal Ically illustrated, is designed to suit Montana conditions. 



Commercial room brooder for chicks, Mr. and Mrs. G. R. Shoxjp ( Washing- 

 ton Sta., West. Wash. Sta. Mo. Bui. 6 (1919), No. 10, pp. lkl-ltf, fW- 6').— This 

 br ler and its construction are described. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Rural life. C. J. Galpin (Nexo York: The Century Co., 1918. pp. XYII+3S6, 

 pi. 1, figs. 114). — Chapter 1 of this book is an inventory of the physical and 

 semiphysical features, residential, occupational, institutional, and urban influ- 

 ences acting in the farm environment. Chapter 2 discusses the influences and 

 circumstances which tend to make the rural psychology what it is. 



In chapter 3, first discussing three widely known theories of the rural social 

 problem, the author states his own conception, as follows: "How shall the 

 rural population liberate itself from the restrictions and repressions upon its 

 manner of life and labor ... so as greatly to extend its acq uaintan ce with 

 persons and increase its contacts with the human mind?" Be points out two 

 schools of thinking on rural matters, ruralist and rurbanist, the former advocat- 

 ing self- sufficing farmer groups and farmer institutions in competition with 

 urban business. The latter, being based upon present tendencies, would attempt 

 new adjustments of the farm to the town cluster, with elimination of dis- 

 crimination against the social interests of the farmer. 



In the Chapter on the structure of rural society the social anatomy is so 

 dissected as to show the structure of the trade zones, banking zones, local news- 

 paper zones, village milk zones, village church, high-school, and library zones, 

 and school districts. One figure illustrates the theoretical form of an agri- 

 cultural community as a circle, with the agricultural city as its center, having 

 a radius somewhat longer than half the distance between any two centers. 



The organized social life of the farmer is narrowed down to the limits of 

 the school district or neighborhood, and he is without a legal community com- 



