1019] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 1G7 



borers but is likely to cause the death of the trees by the freezing of the ex- 

 posed parts." 



The peach tree borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa), IT. A. Gossahd and J. L. Kino 

 (Ohio Bta. Bui 829 (1918), pp. 57-87, flgs. i',).— The authors And the peach 

 borer to be on the wing in northern Ohio from July l to early September, being 

 most abundant about mid-August. The life of the individual moth is 4 or 

 5 days. 



The female lays an average of about 400 eggs (from 300 to G50), chiefly on 

 the tree trunks and larger branches, but occasionally on the leaves high in 

 the tops (as inferred from caging tests on large trees) or on the ground several 

 Inches away from the trunk. 



"The eggs hatch in 8 or 10 days and the more fortunate larva enter the 

 growing wood through cracks and crevices in the hark below the soil Level, 

 hut most of them die before finding a suitable point of entrance In the fall 

 they extend their burrows, which sometimes girdle and kill the trees. Feeding 

 Is resinned In spring and the larva? become mature, measuring from 1 to 1.25 

 in. long by midsummer. The cocoons of the pupa? are commonly at the bases 

 of the trees under dead bark or just beneath the surface of the soil, at or even 

 several inches distant from the trunk. Pupating occurs in July and early 

 August, the pupal period lasting about 19 days; then the adult moths emerge. 



" Invention and amelioration of injury is best accomplished by 'worming.' 

 or cutting out the borers, once in the fall during October or November, and 

 again in early summer during the first 10 days of June. Mounding with earth, 

 following the summer 'worming,' and the use of certain sprays on the trunks 

 and larger limbs will lessen the task of worming." 



The pink bollworm in Brazil, Bruno Lobo (Lavoura: Bol. Soc. Nac. Agr. 

 [Brazil], 22 (1918), No. 8-4, pp. 110-131, figs. 18).— A report upon control meas- 

 ures, particularly those employed in Egypt. 



The two- and three-brooded rice borers, T. Kondo (Abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 

 Scr. A, 6 (1918), No. 6, pp. 23//-23G). — The author gives an account of the mor- 

 phology, life history and habits, and methods of control of the two moths Chilo 

 simpler, commonly known as the two-brooded rice borer, and SchoenoMtu 

 inccrtcllus, the three-brooded rice borer. These two insects are said to be the 

 most important rice pests in Japan. 



The greasy surface caterpillar: Its life history and seasonal history, H. L. 

 Dutt [Agr. Jour. Bihar and Orissa [India], 5 (1917), No. 1, pp. 1-1.}).— The 

 author here deals with the biology of the black cutworm (Agrotix ffpsUon). 

 This is an insect pest of major importance in Bihar and Orissa, being respon- 

 sible for a loss of several lakhs of rupees ($32,330.10 each) to the fall-sown 

 crops. It is active chiefly during the winter on the chaur lands, ami in the 

 spring occurs sporadically on tobacco, potato, garden vegetables, etc., where it 

 cuts the succulent .-.terns of young plants. 



A new codling moth attacking the persimmon fin Japan], T. Tanaka (M<k 

 Bui. Cat Com. Ilort., 7 (1918), No. 7, pp. 462, J,63).— The kaki fruit moth 

 (Kahiroria flarofaseiata), first described by Nagano in April, 1010, is said to 

 cause serious injury to persimmon fruit in Japan. 



The action of insecticides on the eggs of the Polychrosis (Eudemis) bot- 

 rana, J. Feytaud (Bui. Soc. Etude et Vulg, Zool Agr., 16 (1917). No*. 9-10. pp. 

 97-105: 11-12. pp. 117-120). — A report upon the results of experiments with 

 10 different insecticides. 



Eudemis naevana, the holly tortrix moth, L. H. Huie (Proc. Roy. Phya. 

 Soc, Edinburgh, 20 (1917), No. S, pp. 164-178, pi. 1: abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 

 Scr. A, 6 (1918), No. S, pp. 117, 118).— This moth is said to commonly infest 

 holly trees in England, and apple and hawthorn are also recorded as host plants. 



