1919] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 2fil 



some time between 1800 and 1825. it feeds upon cultivated grasses, especially 

 timothy, orchard grass, and meadow fescue, and when abundant must serloi 

 affect the value of the crop. It is :i dimorphic Bpedes, there being two forms 

 of females, a long-winged and short-winged form, the latter being far more 

 plentiful, about 90 per cent. 



"The species hibernates in the egg form; hatching occurs aboul Mny 25 to 

 June 10 in Maine; and the nymphs pass through five Instars of about six or 

 seven days each, adults occurring from early July, mating and laying eggs from 

 July 10 to August l for the short-winged forms necessarily in the fields where 

 the females have developed. The eggs are laid in stems of grass or clover In 

 fields where females have grown, being thrust through the wall of the stem and 

 held by an expanded cap which is (irmly held by the walls of the stem, the egg 

 being protected in the hollow of the stem, and in tins position remain for at 

 least eight or nine months before batching. 



" Measures for control so far evident and based on habits determined will 

 consist especially of rotation, with probably some advantage from burning, 

 early cutting, pasturing heavily in fall, and possibly by mechanical devices for 

 capturing the nymphs or adults. The spread of the insect should be prevented 

 by care in the disposition of timothy bay moved to a distance. No hay from an 

 infested district should be allowed to be scattered in or near meadows in locali- 

 ties where the insect is not already present. 



" Natural enemies consist so far as at present known of spiders, the pre- 

 dacious damsel bug, Reduviolua ferus, a taehinid fly. Phorantha occidentis, and 

 an undetermined species, and a species of fungus, Entomophthora sp." 



A list of 21 titles to the literature cited is appended. 



Cotton stainer control in St. Vincent, H. A. Baixou (Agr. News [Barbados']. 

 17 (1918), No. .',26, pp. 266, 267). — Control work with the cotton stainer is said 

 to have resulted in the production of a better cotton crop in 1917 than in any 

 recent year. 



[Leptocorisa varicornis, a coreid injurious to rice in Assam], J. McSwiney 

 {Rpt. Agr. Dept. Assam, 1917, p. 5; abs. in Intcrnat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Internet. 

 Rev. Sri. and Pract. Agr., 9 (1918), No. 5, p. 639). — As determined by experi- 

 mental harvestings, Injury by the rice bug (L. varicornis) has resulted in a loss 

 as high as 90 per cent of the normal yield, the early varieties suffering most. 



The apple leaf jassid (Empoasca australis), W. W. Froggatt (Agr. Gaz. 

 N. S. Wales, 29 (1918), No. S, pp. 568-570, figs. 6).— A species, which has been 

 known for some years to occur in the apple orchards In the southern districts 

 about Yass and Binalong in a minor degree, but which during the past year 

 appeared in hrrge numbers and caused severe injury, is described as E. australis 

 n. sp. It is said to resemble closely the apple leaf-hopper. 



Notes on Nova Scotian eupteryid leaf hoppers, including descriptions of 

 two new species, W. L. McAtkk (Gonad. V.nt.. 50 (1918). No. 11. pp. S60. 361).— 

 Typhlocyba eymba and Erythroncura ador are described as new to science. 



A note on the recent froghopper outbreak. <;. E. Bodkin (Jour. ]><1. Agr. 

 Brit. Guiana, 11 (1918), No. 3, pp. 96, 97).— The author records outbreaks of the 

 Demerara sngar-cane froghopper (Tom :spis flavihitcra) in three widely-sepa- 

 rated districts, due mainly to abnormal climatic conditions. 



Notes on the entomology of Hawaiian Euphorbia with the description of 

 a new Dictyophorodelphax, J. C. Bridwixl {Proc. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, 3 (1917), 

 No. 5, pp. S85S87). — A brief account with a description of Dictyophorodelphax 

 swezeyi n. sp. 



The pear psylla. W. A. Boss {Agr. Gaz. Canmla. 5 (1918), No. 12, pp. 1134- 

 1136, figs. 10). — A brief account of the pear psylla. which is frequently very 

 destructive to pear orchards in Ontario, notably in the fruit-growing sections 



