101!>] FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 267 



Counties Soc, 5. ser.. 12 (1917-18), pp. 137-139). — From experiments conducted 

 during the winter of 1916-17 in continuation of those previously noted (E. S. R., 

 38, p. 468), it appears that an early application of the mixture of soap (10 per 

 cent) and crude carbolic acid (5 per cent) is Important when a double spraying 

 is done, and that three sprayings will give better results tlinn two. 



The chicken tick, H. F. REELS (Flo. Grower . 18 (1918), No. 13, p. 5, fig. /).— 

 The occurrence of Argns miniatus at Tampa and Lutz, Fla.. where It was caus- 

 ing considerable loss, is reported. 



North American earthworms of the family Lumbricidae in the collections 

 of the United States National Museum, F. Smith (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 52 

 (1917), pp. 157-182). — In this paper the author recognizes 29 species, represent- 

 ing 3 genera occurring in North America, of which one (Helodrilus toelehi) is 

 described as new. A bibliography of 35 titles is included. 



Observations on reproduction in certain parthenogepetic and bisexual 

 nematodes reared in artificial media, P. S. Welch and L. P. Wehrle (Trans. 

 Amcr. Micms. Soc, 37 (1918), No. 3, pp. 141-176).— The authors have found 

 that some of the free-living and semiparasitic nematodes can be reared genera- 

 tion after generation in artificial media and their study thus facilitated. 

 Studies made of Cephalobus duoius and Diplogastcr aerivora, which were cul- 

 tured continuously for over three years, are reported upon. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Digestion of the aleurone cells incorporated in bread, L. Lapicque and A. 

 Liacre (Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 81 (1918), No. 5, pp. 217-220).— A 

 microscopic examination of bread and of feces recovered after the ingestion of 

 bread by the mouse, dog, and man would seem to show that the cell walls of the 

 aleurone granules are broken in the bread, and that the contents undergo diges- 

 tion fn. the alimentary tract. The explanation advanced is that the tension 

 exerted on the dough during kneading and ferment;) tion causes the breaking 

 open of the aleurone cell wall at points weakened by the milling process. The 

 contents of the cell are thus exposed to the action of the digestive juices. These 

 aleurone cells consist of about one-third of the material hitherto considered 

 nondigestible. 



Improvement of war bread by neutralization of the ferments of bran, 

 Lapicque and Legendke (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 165 (1917), No. 9, pp. 

 316-319). — The authors suggest the use of limewater in making bread from 

 flour containing bran in order to prevent the acid fermentation caused by the 

 soluble ferments in the aleurone cells. 



How to make sweet potato flour, starch, sugar, bread, and mock coco- 

 nut, G. W. Carver (Alabama Tuskegce Sta. Bui. 37 (1918), pp. 6). —Directions 

 are given for making sweet potato flour from the raw potatoes, from the cooked 

 potatoes, and from the potatoes after the starch has been removed, as well as 

 for sweet potato starch and sugar. The uses of these various products are men- 

 tioned, and recipes are given for sweet potato bread and biscuits. 



Feeding experiments with raw and boiled carrots, Minna C. Denton and 

 Emma Kohman (Jour. Biol. Chew.. 36 (1918), No. 2, pp. 249-263, figs. 2; abs. in 

 Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., 72 (1919). No. 1. p. 70). — Feeding experiments with 

 albino rats are reported which show that the ordinary methods of cooking do 

 not perceptibly injure the nutritive value of carrots, although a considerable 

 portion of the caloric value is lost when the water used in cooking is rejected. 

 Normal growth and reproduction took pine. 1 on a diet of carrots properly supple- 

 mented with starch, purified commercial casein, butter or lard, and salts to 



