270 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 40 



tube by means <>f which samples of gastric contents may. if desired, be collected 

 for analysis. 



It is considered that determinations of this character will possess the advan- 

 tage over titration methods of obtaining the desired data at frequent intervals 

 without any disturbance <'r removal of gastric contents, and that the difficulties 

 due t<> dissociation of the protein salt during the usual analysis, to the phos- 

 phates from the saliva, and to the coloring matter will also be avoided. A few 

 preliminary observations with the new method are reported. 



Contributions to the physiology of the stomach. — XLV. Hunger, appetite, 

 and gastric juice secretion in man during prolonged fasting (15 days), A. J. 

 Caiuson {Amer. -lour. Physiol., ',-'• 11918), No. 2. pp. 120-146, fig*. /.}).— De- 

 tailed observations are reported of 15 days' complete fast followed by 8 days' 

 abstinence from food with daily Ingestion of cotton Bber. Reports are given of 

 gastric hunger contractions during the control and fasting periods, the sub- 

 Jecttve feelings of hunger and appetite during the fast, and the secretion of 

 trie juice. 



The results show that during fasting the gastric hunger contractions con- 

 tinued with practically normal rhythm and intensity, although the subjective 

 sensations indu 1 by the gastric contractions appeared to be somewhat weak- 

 ened. The contents of the empty Stomach and the continuous gastric juice 

 secretion during the fast showed a tendency to Blight increase in acidity, hut no 

 Significant increase in secretion rate over that of the control period. 



Contributions to the physiology of the stomach. — L. Studies on the control 

 of hunger by drugs, II. GlNSBtflM and I. TUKPOWSKV {Arch. hit. Mt 'I.. 



/•-'. No. 5, pp. ' The effects are reported of various common 



drugs on the hung rtions in the stomach of dogs by the use of the 



balloon method. 



Food ingestion and energy transformations with special reference to the 

 stimulating effect of nutrients. F. <;. I'im hut and T. M. Cv (CsrMM 



Tnat. Washington Pub. 161 {1918), pp. S55: abs. In Chem. i'<«.. 12 {1918), No, 

 21, pp. 2110. 2211). — This publication includes an historical summary of the 

 evidence with human subjects which has thus f ; ir accumulated to show that 

 there is an Increased beat production following food, and the results of an ex- 

 tensive series of observations made under the auspices of the Carnegie Institu- 

 tion Of Washington during B period Of 10 years on the quantitative relat: 

 Pei-eei) the energy Intake and character of the Ingests and the quantitative 

 Increase In the metabolism of man following the Ingestion of various diets. 

 ermlnatioi made In respiration calorimeter- and with the universal 



and the Tissot respiration apparatus The li termina- 



tions of basal metabolism during 24-hour, 8-hour, and short periods, metabolism 

 during chewing, and metabolism following Ingestion of water, coffee, beef 

 carbohydrates, fats, diets predominating in protein, and mixed diets. Prom the 

 analytical data presented the following general conclusions are drawn: 



The mechanical work of chewing produces a definite increase In metabolism. 

 The drinking of liquids, especially in large amounts, Incr. i a Blight 



extent the metabolism. Ingestion of all kinds of food In any amount results 

 In an Increment in the metabolism. Protein produces a more marked and es 

 tended effect on metabolism than does any other nutrient. All earbohydri 

 differ but little In their effect 00 total metabolism, although leVUlOSe and BUCT 

 appear to exert a somewhat more powerful Influence than the other snsrar?. 

 Experiments with mixed diets showed that it is possible by the Ingestion of a 

 large meal to Stimulate the metabolism to W per cent above the basal value 

 for a uuinber of hours and to 20 per cent for at least eight hours. 



