582 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [VoL40 



Actual tests with the apparatus showed that 1.000 specimens can be removed 

 conveniently from the bottles and placed in test tubes in about half an hour. 

 Other advantages claimed for the holder are that no eye strain attends the 

 operation of the device, the pipettes are sufficiently small to enter the bottles 

 without agitation of the contents, and only one operator and two assistants are 

 required where previously many were necessary. 



Anthrax vaccination, H. J. Rosski.lo (Rev. Inst. Bart. [Argentina], 1 (1918), 

 A'o. 4, }'!'■ 449-452). — The vaccine described consists of a uniform suspension 

 of spores of anthrax bacilli. The necessity is emphasised of the use Of spores 

 instead of active bacilli, of the use of an emulsifying liquid of spedaJ composi- 

 tion, and of the standardization of every vaccine and its final adjustment to 

 contain an equal number of spores for each cubic centimeter. The question 

 of single or double vaccination is discussed, and the double vaccination is 

 recommended only for horses. For effective prophylaxis of the disease, the 

 author states that it is of the greatest importance to prohibit the sale to the 

 public of all vaccines which in practice cause an appreciable mortality. 



Studies on anthrax vaccine: Necessity of an official control, H. Kraus and 

 P. Beltrami [Rev. Inst. Hart. [Argentina], l [1918), No. .:. up, tSt-l+S). — Ob- 

 servations on the use of anthrax vaccine arc discussed and the following sug- 

 gestions made : 



The double vaccination of Pasteur with vaccines I ami II is preferable to the 

 single vaccination. The vaccine should always he fresh, preferably not more 

 than a month old. The use of old vaccines is considered questionable on ac- 

 count of their attenuation on standing. Each series of vaccines should he 

 tested quantitatively, and their preparation and sale Bhould be under govern- 

 ment control 



Studies on anthrax vaccine. — II, Fate of anthrax bacilli in normal and im- 

 munized sheep, H. Kkm > and 1*. Bsxtbamj [Rev. Inst. Boct. ( irgentina], i 

 (1918), No. •>'. /'/- ■ '. — This is a continuation of tin- Investigation noted 



above. Experiments are cited which indicate that virulent or attenuated an- 

 thrax bacilli when injected into healthy and immune animals either perish 

 iii the organism or become SO attenuated that strains cultivated Horn them 

 are avirulent tor rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice. 



The authors consider that the existing theories, such as the antiblastic and 



aggressin theories, d <\ take into consideration the attenuation of the virus. 



which in their opinion is the chief cause of tin- active and passive immunity. 



The treatment of anthrax with normal (beef) serum, C. H. Hymvn aid 

 T. Leaky (Boston \h,l. and Surg, lour., ns {l9i-<. Vo. /«. /•/< 918 

 2). — This is a review of the literature on the local treatment of external 

 anthrax and on the use of immune serum and normal 01 serum, together with 

 a discussion of the method of action of the various scrums. 



The authors conclude that specific antianthntx serum owes its efficacy in a 

 small measure to specific immune substances, but principally to a nonspecific 

 protein reaction obtainable by the use of other protein substances, of which 

 heated normal beef serum is considered to be the least objectionable. A case 

 report is given of a successful treatment of human anthrax i>\ normal beet 

 serum. 



The treatment of anthrax in man with normal bovine serum. J. Pbnka 

 [Rev. Inst. it. Kt. [Argentina], l (1918), No. J. /</,. nr,-i.;j; aba. i» Aba. B 

 2 (1918). No. !,. //. 256). — The treatment of anthrax with normal bovine serum 

 Is said to have given results superior to those obtained by any other method 

 of treatment. The serum Is given subcutaneously in doses of from 80 to ."■" 

 repeating the injections every )-. 24, or 30 hours if necessary, although it is 



