576 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. IVul. 4u 



trol of the milk supply of Portland, Oreg., and outlines the history of control 

 methods since municipal inspection was introduced in a limited way in 1909. 

 Various schemes, including the scoring of dairies and milk plants, were tried 

 and then discarded, but finally in 1914 a system of milk contests was inaugu- 

 rated, which has resulted in noticeable improvement and has proved satisfac- 

 tory to the customer and the progressive dealer. 



These contests are held every three or four months, the method being ex- 

 plained in detail. On the opening date two bottles of milk are taken from each 

 dealer or dairyman, analyzed, plated, and scored. At irregular intervals there- 

 after and without previous warning inspectors collect additional samples from 

 milk wagons, which are treated in the same way. At the end of each contest the 

 ratings of each dealer are published. Publicity is the chief agent used in 

 eliminating the careless handler of milk. Public interest seems to be very 

 high, as it was found necessary to stop publishing the exact numerical rutins of 

 a dealer and give only the class to which he belonged because customers were 

 changing dealers as a result of 0.2 of a point difference. 



Tables Bhowing Changes in ratings and bacterial counts are given. The first 

 year's improvement was greater than that of succeeding years, but the difference, 

 it is held, was not due to a failing interest but to local economic conditions 

 causing Increased demand for milk and decreased supply. Infant mortality in 

 Portland has undergone great reduction since the control of milk was begun, 

 and in 1916 the infant death rate was the lowest of any targe city. 



The back-lot dairies have not been reached by these milk contests. They 

 form a difficult problem inasmuch as 10 per cent of Portland's milk supply 

 comes from them. " Man] suburban families keep from one to Ore cows and sell 

 the surplus milk to neighbors, In moal cases children handle and distribute the 

 product. They use little or no equipment BUCh as the modern dairyman finds 

 necessary. While it seems to be recognized thai the city is not the proper place 

 for a dairy, yel these small milkmen enjoy both the patronage and protection of 

 the suburban population. The rules and regulations enforced on the bona tide 

 dairyman in Portland do not apply to these men." 



Calculation of the nutritive value of milk from routine tests, II. S. Smith 

 i Inn. Rpt. Internat, issoc. Dairy and Mill: In»p., a {1917), /</>. 185-189). \ 

 method is proposed tor determining the fuel value of milk of varying composi- 

 tion when the analysis is limited to the tests for butter Cat and for total solids 

 as determined In routine analysis. 



Jack cheese, 11. S. Haiku (California st<i. cin. £06 (1919), pp. 11, fil/s. d\.— 

 Brief directions are given for the manufacture of .lack cheese, a stirred curd 

 those winch originated in Monterej County, Cal., about 1892. The production 

 of Jack cheese is stated to be practicable on farms because it requires a com- 

 paratively small investment for equipment. A good grade of milk must be used, 



however, as there is 'little opportunity during the manufacturing pr for a 



lactic starter to overcome undesirable bacteria. Since the war Jack cheese 

 made from partially skimmed milk had proved to be a satisfactory substitute for 

 grating cheese, previously imported from Europe. 



Homogenized cream used in cheese making, A. T. OHABBOn {!><i't. Apr. 

 [l'ror. Qneoeo], Rpt. i>ir. Off. i.uh., ion, pp. g-ff ). — Experiments on a Basil 

 scale (two vats i at the St. Hyacinthe Dairy Sclic.nl. Quebec, Bhowed that 

 homogenized cream diluted with skim milk can be converted Into B satisfactory 

 Cheese. In one vat containing a cream and skim-milk mixture testing' l.SS per 

 cent fat, about 5 per cent of the fat was lost. In the Other vat. where the mix- 

 ture tested 3.7 per cent, the fat loss was nearly 10 per cent. Pat tests made on 

 the w ne\ . the drippings at the block, and the drippings at the pi ess showed that 



