742 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.40 



varieties have short styles with which the pollen can come readily into contact. 

 Varieties with protruding styles, such as Coreless, Farquhar Bountiful, Early 

 Freedom, and Comet were greatly benefited by hand pollination. One test was 

 made of the jarring method of pollination and resulted in a very fair crop. 



Early tomato growing in New Jersey, R. W. DeBavn (New Jersey Stas. 

 Circ. 103 (1919), pp. 3-30, figs. 25 ) .—Practical directions are given for starting 

 the plants under glass and their culture in the fields. The principles discussed 

 apply in a large degree to the growing of other vegetable crops and reference is 

 made to such from time to time. 



Spring spraying program for 1919, A. Frank (Washington Sta., Wt it. 

 Wash. Sta. Mo. Bui., 6 (1919), No. 12. pp. 181-184).— A list is given of some of 

 the common orchard diseases and insects with the methods for their control 

 where known. 



[Report of the] fruit breeding farm, Zumbra Heights. C. Haralson (Min- 

 nesota sta. Rpt. 1918, pp. 94-98). — A brief statement of progress made in breed- 

 ing hardy fruits, including a report of the committee (E. W. Randall and C. L. 

 Smith) examining the fruit-breeding farm. 



In addition to the further test of promising seedlings, a number of new 

 strawberries and apples have been sent to the trial stations. The Shiro X 

 Wyant plum, on account of its hardiness as well as its fruit characteristl 

 promises to be one of the best of the seedling plums yet developed. Additional 

 crosses have been made iu the plum, raspberry, strawberry, apple, blackberry, 

 and dewberry. 



Growing fruit for home use, H. P. Gould aud G. M. Darrow ( U. 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Farmer? Bui. 1001 (1919), pp. S9, figs. 26).— A practical treatise on the 

 culture of orchard and small fruits in the home fruit garden, Including lists of 

 varieties recommended for the different parts of the country. 



Some soil treatments for mature apple orchards, B. S. Pickett (Illinois Sta. 

 Circ. 853 (1919), pp. 8-6, fig. 1). — Practical suggestions are given for cultivat- 

 ing, mulching, and fertilizing bearing apple orchards. 



Disease resistance of apples (Arkansas sta, Bui. 158 (191S), p. -J.'M. — A brief 

 statement of progress made in a study of disease res among app 



Data already gathered indicate that there is a wide range of variation in the 

 susceptibility of the different varieties to different diseases, for example, the 

 Jonathan tree is very susceptible to tire blighl and resistant to blister cankei . 

 while the Ben Davis is very susceptible to blister canker and resistant to fire 

 blight. 



Prune the cherry trees, 1{. H. Roberts (Wisconsin sta. Bui. 298 (/.''/.''», pp. 

 SO, figs. 21). — Observations made on Marly Richmond and Montmorency trees 

 during the last three years confirm the experiences of the most successful 

 growers of Michigan and Wisconsin who find, contrary to the frequent advice 

 that the cherry tree should be pruned little if any. that the sour cherry tree 

 thrives best when regularly and often heavily pruned. Some of the results 

 of the station's observations are here presented in tabular form and directions 

 are given for training and pruning BOUT cherry trees. 



The study as a whole indicates that the top of the tree should he heavily 

 pruned at planting in order to secure a good growth the first season. A 

 " modified-leader " tree has a stronger head, is more spreading, and is tower than 

 an "open center" tree. Early bearing usually takes place at the expense of 

 fruit spur formation. The growth of young trees should be encouraged by 

 pruning ami otherwise with the view of developing a large spur fruiting system. 

 Spur blossom buds are hardier than the blossom buds along the short branches. 

 Annual pruning should be done to avoid heavy cutting at any one time. 



