1919] RURAL ECONOMICS. 593 



of shares not limited. The one-man-one-vote plan was followed In 40 of the 

 f.L' companies. Fifty-five of the 86 farmers' companies reporting on this ques- 

 tion showed that provision bad been made f<>r distribution of patronage divi- 

 dends. Tables an- also given showing the authorized capitalization, number 

 of members, bushel capacity, and number of t»ins reported by farmers' elevator 

 companies. 



The discussion of business practices followed Includes that of methods of 

 buying grain, outlets, accounting, buying and selling of farm products and 

 supplies, and management Extracts of the Ohio cooperative and corporation 

 law of 1910 and suggested steps In organizing a farmers' company arc given. 



Obligations and opportunities of mutual insurance companies in the con- 

 servation of property, V. X. Yai.gken {l'roc. N. Dak. Farmer? Mutual Ins. 

 Assoc., 10 (1918). pp. 27-38). — In this address the speaker discusses the prob- 

 lems of overinsurance, improvement of physical risks through Inspection sys- 

 tems, classification of farm risks, and the recognition of fire-fighting apparatus, 

 etc., in their relation to fire prevention and conservation of property. 



A rural social survey of Orange Township, Blackhawk County, Iowa, (J. II. 

 Von Ti-ncln et at.. (Iotca Sta. Bui. 184 (1918), pp. 397-^50, pi. 1, /iV/.s. 20).— 

 From the data collected in this survey, a map has been prepared of this town- 

 ship to show the size and location of farms; relative positions of roads, rail- 

 roads, houses, churches, and schools; and the name of the tenant or operator 

 and the owner of the farms. The early history of the county and township is 

 also briefly given. 



Statistics from the 1915 census of Iowa indicate that the density of popula- 

 tion for the township is 23.56 persons per square mile. Practically all of the 

 owner operators, tenants, and wives were born in the United States. 



Findings in regard to economic conditions, landlords, and land holdings in 

 the township, comparative ages of land holders and tenants, length of time each 

 class has been farming, and length of time on the farm each now occupies are 

 tabulated, and notes are given on Investigations into the extent of hired labor, 

 period and shift Of ownership, rise in land values, and change in ownership and 

 organizations. 



Tables are compiled to show the extent of education of farmers and their 

 wives and of hired help, the number of papers and magazines in the homes, 

 church membership and church denomination of owners and tenants and their 

 wives, and church membership of parents and children. The one church in the 

 township is well attended and influential. The homes and home surroundings, 

 health, recreation, and social life in this community are deemed exceptionally 

 good. 



The author cites the answers of 128 of the 14L' fanners in this township to 

 five questions intended to bring out the farmer's opinion on the cause and 

 remedy of the problem of keeping young people on the farm. 



Rural sanitation. L. L. Ltjmsdkn (/';/'<. Health Berv. U. 8., /'"'<. Health But. 

 9'f (1918), pp. 886, pis. 86, figs. 20). — This is a report on Investigative and edu- 

 cational work carried on In 1!>14. 1915, and 1916 In 15 counties, widely sepa- 

 rated throughout the United states, for the purpose of ascertaining existing 

 conditions, proving out the best methods of correction of insanitary conditions, 

 and the extent to which average rural citizens will correct evils that are 

 pointed out to them. 



Salient facts brougfa out in the report are that of 51,544 farm homes sur- 

 veyed only 1.22 per cent were considered to be sanitarily equipped, that in the 

 vast majority of families visited the responsible members of the household 

 were uninformed on questions asked as to home sanitation, and that In only 



