1919] HORTICULTURE. 039 



it b.v fertilizing the soil with barnyard manure bare proved unsa tis fa c tory and 

 the department planned to apply commercial fertilizers to all infected trees, 



Apple blotch (Phyllosticta soli/aria) w;is also prevalent 111 1917 and experi- 

 ments were conducted to determine tin- host mixture as well as the most de- 

 sirable time to apply the mixture for controlling this organism. In all the < \ 

 perlments lime-sulphur L6 gal. to no gal. of water plus LS lbs. of arsenate of 

 lead to control codling moth was used for the first spray application. Subse- 

 quent applications Consisted of Bordeaux — arsenate of lead, lime-sulphur solu- 

 tion and arsenate of lead, and sulphur and arsenate of lead dust in the various 

 plats. The trees were sprayed four times during the season. Apple blotch 

 was fairly well controlled by the Bordeaux, whereas neither lime-sulphur nor 

 sulphur dust were effective in controlling it. In one plat of Arkansas Black 

 apples tho Bordeaux was omitted for the fourth application and arsenate of 

 lead applied alone. Trior to the fourth application the fruit and foliage on all 

 the trees developed satisfactorily. In four days after the application of arsenate 

 of lead all the leaves and fully BO per cent of the fruit fell. The remaining 

 fruit soon became soft and the seeds turned black. 



Using the spray gun in orchards, I. P. Lewis (Mo. Bui. (thin Sta., 4 (1919), 

 No. 2, pp. 59-61, figs. 2). — The spray gun here described first came into use in 

 191G, and is specially adapted for power spray outfits. It is made almost en- 

 tirely of brass and consists in the main of a tube IS to 30 in. in length, on the 

 end of which is a large disk-type nozzle. The control is invested in a Ion- 

 rod running inside the spray rod proper, connecting with the inner mechanism 

 of the nozzle at one end and terminating in a hand grip of some character at 

 the other. By turning the grip the operator can vary the spray at will. In 

 the spring of 1018 the Station conducted a comparative test to determine the 

 advantages of the spray gun, if any, over the pole method of spraying. 



Under the conditions of the experiment, one man with a spray gun could 

 spray 23 trees thoroughly with 150 gal. of solution in 50 minutes, whereas with 

 the pole method two men were able to spray only 16 trees with the same amount 

 of solution in the same time. Other advantages of the spray gun were the ease 

 iu adjusting the spray to various distances, the readiness witli which the spray- 

 was shut off in going from tree to tree, its light weight, and immunity from 

 catching in the branches. It is pointed out that tho spray gun gives the host 

 service on a power-driven pump. It should bo connected with a spraying ap- 

 paratus by, at least, one half inch hose and proportionally large enough connec- 

 tions used that there will be the least possible stoppage and friction between the 

 pump and the gun. 



Pruning apple trees, C. W. Eu.enwood and W. J. Gkekn ( Wo. Bui. Ohio 

 Sta., Jf (1919), No. 2, pp. 1/2-48, figs. 8). — A popular discussion of methods em- 

 ployed in pruning young t ices and bearing orchards. 



New everbearing strawberries, W. Van Fleet (Jour. Heredity, 10 (1919), 

 Nn. 1, pp. 14-16, figs. 2). — Some new everbearing strawberries developed at the 

 Bell experiment plat, Qlendale, Md., as the result of a cross between Fragaria 

 chiloensis and /•'. rrsca are illustrated and described. 



Keeping quality of strawberries in relation to their temperature when 

 picked, N. E. Stevens {Phytopathology, 9 (1919), No. ',. pp. 171-177).— Data 

 are given on observations made in four New England States during 1918 which 

 indicate that strawberries puked early in tho morning while cool generally 

 keep better, even though wet, than similar berries picked later after they have 

 been warmed by the sun. A list is given of citod literature dealing with straw- 

 berry diseases and the influence of temperature on the keeping qualities of 

 strawberries. 



