1919J 



DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



775 



dining hot, dry summer weather when soiling crops are being fed. Water was 

 offered twice daily, the amount drunk being determined by the difference In the 

 animal's weight before and afterwards. Feed was weighed and the moisture in 

 it determined. The general results are given in the following table: 



Milk production and water consumption of five dairy coics. 



Comparable data from the South Dakota Station (E. S. R., 3S, p. 374), it is 

 stated, show that the requirement for each 100 lbs. of milk is 432 lbs. of drinking 

 water, or a total of 570 lbs. from feed and drink. 



Importance of salt in rations, J. Joffe (Jour. Dairy Set., 1 (WIS), No. 6, pp. 

 487-497). — A discussion of some of the literature dealing with the need of 

 dairy cows for sodium chlorid, together with speculations as to the state of 

 domestic animals in prehistoric times and the role of electrolytes in animal 

 physiology. 



Cost of raising [French Canadian] heifers, G. A. Langelier (Canada Expt. 

 Farms Rpts. 1917, p. 93). — Three heifers of the French Canadian breed raised 

 at the experiment station. Cap Rouge, Quebec, averaged 775 lbs. in weight at the 

 end of ii(j months. During this period the individual feed consumption totaled 

 1,028 lbs. whole milk, 7,921 lbs. skim milk, 774 lbs. meal, 3,774 lbs. hay, 6,133 lbs. 

 roots, 5,933 lbs. silage, and 278 lbs. green feed, with 69 days on pasture. 



Lactose, fat, and protein in milk of various animals, O. Folin, W. Denis, 

 and A. S. Minot {Jour. Biol. Chcm., 37 (1919), No. 3, pp. 3J f 9-S52).— Tables are 

 given of the lactose, fat, and protein content of the milk of rabbits, cats, guinea 

 pigs, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cows, and women. The lactose was determined by 

 the methods of Folin and Denis, previously noted (E. S. R., 38, p. 615). and fat 

 by the Babcock method for the larger animals and Bloor's nephelometric method 

 (E. S. R., 32, p. 312) for the smaller animals. Protein was calculated from the 

 nitrogen figures obtained by the Kjeldahl method. The lactose figures varied 

 from 1.8 per cent in rabbits to 8.5 in mare's milk, fat from 0.9 in a sample of 

 mare's to 12.1 per cent in rabbit's milk, and the protein from 1.39 in human milk 

 to 11.4 per cent in rabbit's milk. 



Studies on the clarification of milk, II, B. W. Hammer and A. J. H.uskr 

 (Iowa Sta. Research Bui. ',7 {1918), pp. 79-97. figs. 2).— In the earlier studies 

 on clarification (E. S. R., 35, p. 778) a De Laval clarifier was used. Since the 

 Sharpies clarifier is very differently constructed, the authors thought it desirable 

 to carry out a series of analogous experiments with the latter machine. These 

 are reported on here. 



The same apparent increase in bacterial count was noted, due presumably to 

 breaking up of clumps. The clarifier, being sterile, was not a source of contami- 

 nation. Fifty-two samples of milk with initial bacterial count under 100,000 were 

 run through the clarifier. One showed no change in count, and 8 showed a 

 decrease of from 2 to 43 per cent. The remaining 43 showed increases, 25 be- 



